Endocrinology and Metabolism

Bo Hyun Kim (Kim BH)

42 Articles

Thyroid
Prognostic Roles of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer Treated with Lenvatinib: Chae A Kim, Mijin Kim, Meihua Jin, Hee Kyung Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Jun Lim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Dong Yeob Shin, Won Gu Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):334-343. Published online April 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1854

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Inflammatory biomarkers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), serve as valuable prognostic indicators in various cancers. This multicenter, retrospective cohort study assessed the treatment outcomes of lenvatinib in 71 patients with radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory thyroid cancer, considering the baseline inflammatory biomarkers.
Methods
This study retrospectively included patients from five tertiary hospitals in Korea whose complete blood counts were available before lenvatinib treatment. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated based on the median value of inflammatory biomarkers.
Results
No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed among patients grouped according to the inflammatory biomarkers, except for older patients with a higher-than-median NLR (≥2) compared to their counterparts with a lower NLR (P= 0.01). Patients with a higher-than-median NLR had significantly shorter PFS (P=0.02) and OS (P=0.017) than those with a lower NLR. In multivariate analysis, a higher-than-median NLR was significantly associated with poor OS (hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 7.29; P=0.015). However, neither the LMR nor the PLR was associated with PFS. A higher-than-median LMR (≥3.9) was significantly associated with prolonged OS compared to a lower LMR (P=0.036). In contrast, a higher-than-median PLR (≥142.1) was associated with shorter OS compared to a lower PLR (P=0.039).
Conclusion
Baseline inflammatory biomarkers can serve as predictive indicators of PFS and OS in patients with RAI-refractory thyroid cancer treated with lenvatinib.

Miscellaneous
Corrigendum: Correction of Acknowledgments. Protocol for a Korean Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance or Surgery (KoMPASS) in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Min Ji Jeon, Yea Eun Kang, Jae Hoon Moon, Dong Jun Lim, Chang Yoon Lee, Yong Sang Lee, Sun Wook Kim, Min-Hee Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Minho Shong, Sun Wook Cho, Won Bae Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(1):181-182. Published online February 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.104; Corrects: Endocrinol Metab 2021;36(2):359

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Risk of thyroid cancer associated with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
Sungho Bea, Heejun Son, Jae Hyun Bae, Sun Wook Cho, Ju‐Young Shin, Young Min Cho
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(1): 108. CrossRef

Thyroid
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Coexisting Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Retrospective Multicenter Study: Jee Hee Yoon, Meihua Jin, Mijin Kim, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Min Ji Jeon, Ho-Cheol Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1268-1276. Published online November 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1227

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Background
The association between Graves’ disease (GD) and co-existing thyroid cancer is still controversial and most of the previously reported data have been based on surgically treated GD patients. This study investigated the clinicopathological findings and prognosis of concomitant thyroid cancer in GD patients in the era of widespread application of ultrasonography.
Methods
Data of GD patients who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer between 2010 and 2019 in three tertiary hospitals in South Korea (Asan Medical Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, and Pusan National University Hospital) were collected and analyzed retrospectively. In the subgroup analysis, aggressiveness and clinical outcomes of thyroid cancer were compared nodular GD and non-nodular GD groups according to the presence or absence of the thyroid nodules other than thyroid cancer (index nodules).
Results
Of the 15,159 GD patients treated at the hospitals during the study period, 262 (1.7%) underwent thyroidectomy for coexisting thyroid cancer. Eleven patients (4.2%) were diagnosed with occult thyroid cancer and 182 patients (69.5%) had microcarcinomas. No differences in thyroid cancer aggressiveness, ultrasonographic findings, or prognosis were observed between the nodular GD and non-nodular GD groups except the cancer subtype. In the multivariate analysis, only lymph node (LN) metastasis was an independent prognostic factor for recurrent/persistent disease of thyroid cancer arising in GD (P=0.020).
Conclusion
The prevalence of concomitant thyroid cancer in GD patients was considerably lower than in previous reports. The clinical outcomes of thyroid cancer in GD patients were also excellent but, more cautious follow-up is necessary for patients with LN metastasis in the same way as for thyroid cancer in non-GD patients.

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Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of Transoral Versus Open Thyroidectomy for Graves Disease
Suo-Hsien Wang, Wu-Po Chao, Ta-You Lo, Soh-Ching Ng, Yu-Hsien Chen
Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques.2024; 34(2): 150. CrossRef
Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Graves’ Disease: A Single-Center Experience of 216 Cases
Hanxing Sun, Hui Tong, Xiaohui Shen, Haoji Gao, Jie Kuang, Xi Chen, Qinyu Li, Weihua Qiu, Zhuoran Liu, Jiqi Yan
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(4): 1308. CrossRef
Cancer and Mortality Risks of Graves’ Disease in South Korea Based on National Data from 2010 to 2019
Young Ju Choi, Kyungdo Han, Won Kyoung Cho, Min Ho Jung, Byung-Kyu Suh
Clinical Epidemiology.2023; Volume 15: 535. CrossRef
Risk and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Graves’ Disease: An Umbrella Review
Marco Palella, Francesca Maria Giustolisi, Adriana Modica Fiascaro, Martina Fichera, Antonella Palmieri, Rossella Cannarella, Aldo E. Calogero, Margherita Ferrante, Maria Fiore
Cancers.2023; 15(10): 2724. CrossRef
Characteristics, staging and outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer in patients with and without Graves’ disease
Chaitra Gopinath, Hanna Crow, Sujata Panthi, Leonidas Bantis, Kenneth D. Burman, Chitra Choudhary
Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology.2023; 33: 100321. CrossRef
Prevalence, Treatment Status, and Comorbidities of Hyperthyroidism in Korea from 2003 to 2018: A Nationwide Population Study
Hwa Young Ahn, Sun Wook Cho, Mi Young Lee, Young Joo Park, Bon Seok Koo, Hang-Seok Chang, Ka Hee Yi
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 436. CrossRef
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Follow-Up Study in Patients with Absence of Aggressive Risk Factors at the Surgery of the Primary Tumor
Andrea Marongiu, Susanna Nuvoli, Andrea De Vito, Sonia Vargiu, Angela Spanu, Giuseppe Madeddu
Diagnostics.2023; 13(19): 3068. CrossRef
Table of Contents

Clinical Thyroidology.2022; 34(2): 48. CrossRef
Predisposition to and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer May Not Be Affected by Graves’ Disease, But Some Questions Still Remain
Yanrui Huang, Haixia Guan
Clinical Thyroidology.2022; 34(2): 59. CrossRef
A Comparative Follow-Up Study of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated or Not with Graves’ Disease
Andrea Marongiu, Susanna Nuvoli, Andrea De Vito, Maria Rondini, Angela Spanu, Giuseppe Madeddu
Diagnostics.2022; 12(11): 2801. CrossRef
An unusual case of papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as Graves’ disease
Pooja Tiwari, Uma Kaimal Saikia, Abhamoni Baro, Ashok Krishna Bhuyan
Thyroid Research and Practice.2022; 19(1): 47. CrossRef

Thyroid
Comparison of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems in Malignancy Risk Stratification of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: Bo Hyun Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):974-976. Published online October 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1287

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Thyroid
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study in South Korea: Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Yea Eun Kang, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):1078-1085. Published online October 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1151

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Background
Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC), a type of thyroid carcinoma, is rare in South Korea, and few studies have investigated its prognosis.
Methods
This long-term multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes in patients with HCC who underwent thyroid surgery between 1996 and 2009.
Results
The mean age of the 97 patients included in the study was 50.3 years, and 26.8% were male. The mean size of the primary tumor was 3.2±1.8 cm, and three (3.1%) patients had distant metastasis at initial diagnosis. Ultrasonographic findings were available for 73 patients; the number of nodules with low-, intermediate-, and high suspicion was 28 (38.4%), 27 (37.0%), and 18 (24.7%), respectively, based on the Korean-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System. Preoperatively, follicular neoplasm (FN) or suspicion for FN accounted for 65.2% of the cases according to the Bethesda category, and 13% had malignancy or suspicious for malignancy. During a median follow-up of 8.5 years, eight (8.2%) patients had persistent/recurrent disease, and none died of HCC. Older age, gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and widely invasive types of tumors were significantly associated with distant metastasis (all P<0.01). Gross ETE (hazard ratio [HR], 27.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 to 346.4; P=0.01) and widely invasive classification (HR, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 39.4; P=0.04) were independent risk factors for poor disease-free survival (DFS).
Conclusion
The long-term prognosis of HCC is relatively favorable in South Korea from this study, although this is not a nation-wide data, and gross ETE and widely invasive cancer are significant prognostic factors for DFS. The diagnosis of HCC by ultrasonography and cytopathology remains challenging.

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Molecular Alterations and Comprehensive Clinical Management of Oncocytic Thyroid Carcinoma
Lindsay A. Bischoff, Ian Ganly, Laura Fugazzola, Erin Buczek, William C. Faquin, Bryan R. Haugen, Bryan McIver, Caitlin P. McMullen, Kate Newbold, Daniel J. Rocke, Marika D. Russell, Mabel Ryder, Peter M. Sadow, Eric Sherman, Maisie Shindo, David C. Shonk
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery.2024; 150(3): 265. CrossRef
Oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid: Conclusions from a 20‐year patient cohort
Nelson R. Gruszczynski, Shahzeb S. Hasan, Ana G. Brennan, Julian De La Chapa, Adithya S. Reddy, David N. Martin, Prem P. Batchala, Edward B. Stelow, Eric M. Dowling, Katherine L. Fedder, Jonathan C. Garneau, David C. Shonka
Head & Neck.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Hurthle cell carcinoma: a rare variant of thyroid malignancy – a case report
Yuvraj Adhikari, Anupama Marasini, Nawaraj Adhikari, Laxman D. Paneru, Binit Upadhaya Regmi, Manita Raut
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2023; 85(5): 1940. CrossRef
Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: Single Center Analysis and Considerations for Surgical Management Based on the Recent Literature
Costanza Chiapponi, Milan J.M. Hartmann, Matthias Schmidt, Michael Faust, Christiane J. Bruns, Anne M. Schultheis, Hakan Alakus
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Thyroid
Whole-Exome Sequencing in Papillary Microcarcinoma: Potential Early Biomarkers of Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis: Mijin Kim, Chae Hwa Kwon, Min Hee Jang, Jeong Mi Kim, Eun Heui Kim, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Kyung-Un Choi, In Joo Kim, Meeyoung Park, Bo Hyun Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):1086-1094. Published online October 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1132

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Background
Early identification of patients with high-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) that is likely to progress has become a critical challenge. We aimed to identify somatic mutations associated with lateral neck lymph node (LN) metastasis (N1b) in patients with PTMC.
Methods
Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 14 PTMCs with no LN metastasis (N0) and 13 N1b PTMCs was performed using primary tumors and matched normal thyroid tissues.
Results
The mutational burden was comparable in N0 and N1b tumors, as the median number of mutations was 23 (range, 12 to 46) in N0 and 24 (range, 12 to 50) in N1b PTMC (P=0.918). The most frequent mutations were detected in PGS1, SLC4A8, DAAM2, and HELZ in N1b PTMCs alone, and the K158Q mutation in PGS1 (four patients, Fisher’s exact test P=0.041) was significantly enriched in N1b PTMCs. Based on pathway analysis, somatic mutations belonging to the receptor tyrosine kinase-RAS and NOTCH pathways were most frequently affected in N1b PTMCs. We identified four mutations that are predicted to be pathogenic in four genes based on Clinvar and Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion score: BRAF, USH2A, CFTR, and PHIP. A missense mutation in CFTR and a nonsense mutation in PHIP were detected in N1b PTMCs only, although in one case each. BRAF mutation was detected in both N0 and N1b PTMCs.
Conclusion
This first comprehensive WES analysis of the mutational landscape of N0 and N1b PTMCs identified pathogenic genes that affect biological functions associated with the aggressive phenotype of PTMC.

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What can we learn about acid-base transporters in cancer from studying somatic mutations in their genes?
Bobby White, Pawel Swietach
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology.2024; 476(4): 673. CrossRef
Comprehensive Long-Read Sequencing Analysis Discloses the Transcriptome Features of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Yanqiang Wang, Binbin Zou, Yanyan Zhang, Jin Zhang, Shujing Li, Bo Yu, Zhekun An, Lei Li, Siqian Cui, Yutong Zhang, Jiali Yao, Xiuzhi Shi, Jing Liu
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(5): 1263. CrossRef
Feasibility of whole‐exome sequencing in fine‐needle aspiration specimens of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma for the identification of novel gene mutations
Liyuan Ma, Luying Gao, Ya Hu, Xiaoyi Li, Chunhao Liu, Jiang Ji, Xinlong Shi, Aonan Pan, Yuang An, Nengwen Luo, Yu Xia, Yuxin Jiang
Clinical Genetics.2024; 105(5): 567. CrossRef
Multi-omics analysis reveals a molecular landscape of the early recurrence and early metastasis in pan-cancer
Dan-ni He, Na Wang, Xiao-Ling Wen, Xu-Hua Li, Yu Guo, Shu-heng Fu, Fei-fan Xiong, Zhe-yu Wu, Xu Zhu, Xiao-ling Gao, Zhen-zhen Wang, Hong-jiu Wang
Frontiers in Genetics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Thyroid
The Concept of Economic Evaluation and Its Application in Thyroid Cancer Research: Kyungsik Kim, Mijin Kim, Woojin Lim, Bo Hyun Kim, Sue K. Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):725-736. Published online August 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1164

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Economic evaluation is a type of comparative analysis between interventions in terms of both their resource use and health outcomes. Due to the good prognosis of thyroid cancer (TC), the socioeconomic burden of TC patients post-diagnosis is increasing. Therefore, economic evaluation studies focusing on TC are recommended. This study aimed to describe the concept and methods of economic evaluation and reviewed previous TC studies. Several previous studies compared the costs of interventions or evaluated recurrence, complications, or quality of life as measures of their effectiveness. Regarding costs, most studies focused on direct costs and applied hypothetical models. Cost-minimization analysis should be distinguished from simple cost analysis. Furthermore, due to the universality of the term “cost-effectiveness analysis” (CEA), several studies have not distinguished CEA from cost-utility analysis; this point needs to be considered in future research. Cost-benefit analyses have not been conducted in previous TC research. Since TC has a high survival rate and good prognosis, the need for economic evaluations has recently been pointed out. Therefore, correct concepts and methods are needed to obtain clear economic evaluation results. On this basis, it will be possible to provide appropriate guidelines for TC treatment and management in the future.

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Cost-Utility Analysis of Early Detection with Ultrasonography of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study on a Korean Population
Han-Sang Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim, Sungju Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Chul-Min Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(2): 310. CrossRef
Role of Prehabilitation and Rehabilitation on Functional Recovery and Quality of Life in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A Comprehensive Review
Lorenzo Lippi, Alessio Turco, Stefano Moalli, Marco Gallo, Claudio Curci, Antonio Maconi, Alessandro de Sire, Marco Invernizzi
Cancers.2023; 15(18): 4502. CrossRef
Sex-specific Associations between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Incidence among Korean Adults
Kyoung-Nam Kim, Kyungsik Kim, Sangjun Lee, Sue K. Park
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2023; 32(9): 1227. CrossRef
Active Surveillance Versus Immediate Surgery for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Patients in South Korea: A Cost-Minimization Analysis from the MAeSTro Study
Kyungsik Kim, June Young Choi, Su-jin Kim, Eun Kyung Lee, Young Ki Lee, Jun Sun Ryu, Kyu Eun Lee, Jae Hoon Moon, Young Joo Park, Sun Wook Cho, Sue K. Park
Thyroid.2022; 32(6): 648. CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation of Thyroid Cancer
Mijin Kim, Woojin Lim, Kyungsik Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Byung Joo Lee, Bon Seok Koo, Eun Kyung Lee, Eu Jeong Ku, June Young Choi, Bo Hyun Kim, Sue K. Park
International Journal of Thyroidology.2022; 15(2): 74. CrossRef

Thyroid
A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial for Assessing the Usefulness of Suppressing Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Target Levels after Thyroid Lobectomy in Low to Intermediate Risk Thyroid Cancer Patients (MASTER): A Study Protocol: Eun Kyung Lee, Yea Eun Kang, Young Joo Park, Bon Seok Koo, Ki-Wook Chung, Eu Jeong Ku, Ho-Ryun Won, Won Sang Yoo, Eonju Jeon, Se Hyun Paek, Yong Sang Lee, Dong Mee Lim, Yong Joon Suh, Ha Kyoung Park, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Mijin Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Ka Hee Yi, Sue K. Park, Eun-Jae Jung, June Young Choi, Ja Seong Bae, Joon Hwa Hong, Kee-Hyun Nam, Young Ki Lee, Hyeong Won Yu, Sujeong Go, Young Mi Kang, MASTER study group; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):574-581. Published online May 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.943

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Background
Postoperative thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy is recommended for patients with intermediate- and high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer to prevent the recurrence of thyroid cancer. With the recent increase in small thyroid cancer cases, the extent of resection during surgery has generally decreased. Therefore, questions have been raised about the efficacy and long-term side effects of TSH suppression therapy in patients who have undergone a lobectomy.
Methods
This is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial in which 2,986 patients with papillary thyroid cancer are randomized into a high-TSH group (intervention) and a low-TSH group (control) after having undergone a lobectomy. The principle of treatment includes a TSH-lowering regimen aimed at TSH levels between 0.3 and 1.99 μIU/mL in the low-TSH group. The high-TSH group targets TSH levels between 2.0 and 7.99 μIU/mL. The dose of levothyroxine will be adjusted at each visit to maintain the target TSH level. The primary outcome is recurrence-free survival, as assessed by neck ultrasound every 6 to 12 months. Secondary endpoints include disease-free survival, overall survival, success rate in reaching the TSH target range, the proportion of patients with major cardiovascular diseases or bone metabolic disease, the quality of life, and medical costs. The follow-up period is 5 years.
Conclusion
The results of this trial will contribute to establishing the optimal indication for TSH suppression therapy in low-risk papillary thyroid cancer patients by evaluating the benefit and harm of lowering TSH levels in terms of recurrence, metabolic complications, costs, and quality of life.

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Effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression on quality of life in thyroid lobectomy patients: interim analysis of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial in low- to intermediate-risk thyroid cancer patients (MASTER study)
Ja Kyung Lee, Eu Jeong Ku, Su-jin Kim, Woochul Kim, Jae Won Cho, Kyong Yeun Jung, Hyeong Won Yu, Yea Eun Kang, Mijin Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Junsun Ryu, June Young Choi
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2024; 106(1): 19. CrossRef
Clinical impact of coexistent chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis on central lymph node metastasis in low- to intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma: The MASTER study
Da Beom Heo, Ho-Ryun Won, Kyung Tae, Yea Eun Kang, Eonju Jeon, Yong Bae Ji, Jae Won Chang, June Young Choi, Hyeong Won Yu, Eu Jeong Ku, Eun Kyung Lee, Mijin Kim, Jun-Ho Choe, Bon Seok Koo
Surgery.2024; 175(4): 1049. CrossRef
Dynamic Changes in Treatment Response af-ter ¹³¹I in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Their Relationship with Recurrence Risk Stratification and TNM Staging
璐狄
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(03): 1083. CrossRef
ASO Author Reflections: Active Surveillance may be Possible in Patients with T1b Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Over 55 Years of Age Without High-Risk Features on Preoperative Examinations
Ho-Ryun Won, Eonju Jeon, Da Beom Heo, Jae Won Chang, Minho Shong, Je Ryong Kim, Hyemi Ko, Yea Eun Kang, Hyon-Seung Yi, Ju Hee Lee, Kyong Hye Joung, Ji Min Kim, Younju Lee, Sung-Woo Kim, Young Ju Jeong, Yong Bae Ji, Kyung Tae, Bon Seok Koo
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2023; 30(4): 2254. CrossRef
Outcomes and Trends of Treatments in High‐Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Arash Abiri, Khodayar Goshtasbi, Sina J. Torabi, Edward C. Kuan, William B. Armstrong, Tjoson Tjoa, Yarah M. Haidar
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.2023; 168(4): 745. CrossRef
Current Controversies in Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Reducing Overtreatment in an Era of Overdiagnosis
Timothy M Ullmann, Maria Papaleontiou, Julie Ann Sosa
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 108(2): 271. CrossRef
Age-Dependent Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients with T1b Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Implications for the Possibility of Active Surveillance
Ho-Ryun Won, Eonju Jeon, Da Beom Heo, Jae Won Chang, Minho Shong, Je Ryong Kim, Hyemi Ko, Yea Eun Kang, Hyon-Seung Yi, Ju Hee Lee, Kyong Hye Joung, Ji Min Kim, Younju Lee, Sung-Woo Kim, Young Ju Jeong, Yong Bae Ji, Kyung Tae, Bon Seok Koo
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2023; 30(4): 2246. CrossRef
Potential impact of obesity on the aggressiveness of low- to intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma: results from a MASTER cohort study
Mijin Kim, Yae Eun Kang, Young Joo Park, Bon Seok Koo, Eu Jeong Ku, June Young Choi, Eun Kyung Lee, Bo Hyun Kim
Endocrine.2023; 82(1): 134. CrossRef
Differentiated thyroid cancer: a focus on post-operative thyroid hormone replacement and thyrotropin suppression therapy
Benjamin J. Gigliotti, Sina Jasim
Endocrine.2023; 83(2): 251. CrossRef
Thyroid stimulating hormone suppression and recurrence after thyroid lobectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Mi Rye Bae, Sung Hoon Nam, Jong-Lyel Roh, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim
Endocrine.2022; 75(2): 487. CrossRef
The Concept of Economic Evaluation and Its Application in Thyroid Cancer Research
Kyungsik Kim, Mijin Kim, Woojin Lim, Bo Hyun Kim, Sue K. Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(4): 725. CrossRef

Thyroid
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Recurrence-Free Survival of Rare Variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas in Korea: A Retrospective Study: Mijin Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Young Joo Park, Hwa Young Ahn, Hee Sung Kim, Yong Joon Suh, Dughyun Choi, Bu Kyung Kim, Go Eun Yang, Il-Seok Park, Ka Hee Yi, Chan Kwon Jung, Bo Hyun Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):619-627. Published online June 10, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.974

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Background
We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features and biological behaviors of Korean thyroid cancer patients with rare variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to address the ambiguity regarding the prognostic consequences of these variants.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 5,496 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for PTC, between January and December 2012, in nine tertiary hospitals. Rare PTC variants included tall cell (TCV), columnar cell (CCV), diffuse sclerosing (DSV), cribriform-morular (CMV), solid (SV), hobnail, and Warthin-like variants. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was defined as the time from the date of thyroidectomy until recurrence.
Results
Rare variants accounted for 1.1% (n=63) of the PTC patients; with 0.9% TCV, 0.02% CCV, 0.1% DSV, 0.1% CMV, and 0.1% SV. The mean age of patients and primary tumor size were 42.1±13.1 years and 1.3±0.9 cm, respectively. Extrathyroidal extension and cervical lymph node metastasis were observed in 38 (60.3%) and 37 (58.7%) patients, respectively. Ultrasonographic findings revealed typical malignant features in most cases. During a median follow-up of 7 years, 6.3% of patients experienced a locoregional recurrence. The 5-year RFS rates were 71.4% in patients with DSV or SV, 95.9% for TCV, or CCV, and 100% for other variants. DSV emerged an independent risk factor associated with shorter RFS.
Conclusion
In this multicenter Korean cohort, rare variants accounted for 1.1% of all PTC cases, with TCV being the most frequent subtype. DSV emerged as a significant prognostic factor for RFS.

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Serum thyroglobulin testing after thyroid lobectomy in patients with 1–4 cm papillary thyroid carcinoma
Ahreum Jang, Meihua Jin, Chae A Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Gu Kim
Endocrine.2023; 81(2): 290. CrossRef
Do Histologically Aggressive Subtypes of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma have Worse Clinical Outcome than Non-Aggressive Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Subtypes? A Multicenter Cohort Study
Sayid Shafi Zuhur, Hunkar Aggul, Ugur Avci, Selvinaz Erol, Mazhar Müslüm Tuna, Serhat Uysal, Gulhan Akbaba, Faruk Kilinç, Merve Catak, Sakin Tekin, Ogun Irem Bilen, Beyza Olcay Öztürk, Ecem Bilgehan Erden, Gulsah Elbuken, Halise Cinar Yavuz, Pinar Kadiogl
Hormone and Metabolic Research.2023; 55(05): 323. CrossRef
The Warthin-like variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas: a clinicopathologic analysis report of two cases
Xing Zhao, Yijia Zhang, Pengyu Hao, Mingzhen Zhao, Xingbin Shen
Oncologie.2023; 25(5): 581. CrossRef
A Retrospective Cohort Study with Validation of Predictors of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Outcomes
Ayanthi Wijewardene, Anthony J. Gill, Matti Gild, Diana L. Learoyd, Anthony Robert Glover, Mark Sywak, Stan Sidhu, Paul Roach, Geoffrey Schembri, Jeremy Hoang, Bruce Robinson, Lyndal Tacon, Roderick Clifton-Bligh
Thyroid.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinicopathological Implications of the BRAFV600E Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma of Ukrainian Patients Exposed to the Chernobyl Radiation in Childhood: A Study for 30 Years After the Accident
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Thyroid
Current Guidelines for Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):514-524. Published online June 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1082

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Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor originating from the parafollicular cells. The diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the condition are different from those used for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Since the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of MTC, the latest, including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Association for Medical Oncology guidelines have been updated to reflect several recent advances in the management of MTC. Advances in molecular diagnosis and postoperative risk stratification systems have led to individualized treatment and follow-up strategies. Multi-kinase inhibitors, such as vandetanib and cabozantinib, can prolong disease progression-free survival with favorable adverse effects. In addition, potent selective rearranged during transfection (RET) inhibitors (selpercatinib and pralsetinib) have shown a promising efficacy in recent clinical trials. This review summarizes the management of MTC in recent guidelines focused on sporadic MTC.

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Clinical Study
Protocol for a Korean Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance or Surgery (KoMPASS) in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Min Ji Jeon, Yea Eun Kang, Jae Hoon Moon, Dong Jun Lim, Chang Yoon Lee, Yong Sang Lee, Sun Wook Kim, Min-Hee Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Minho Shong, Sun Wook Cho, Won Bae Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):359-364. Published online March 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.890; Correction in: Endocrinol Metab 2022;37(1):181

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Background
A Korean Multicenter Prospective cohort study of Active Surveillance or Surgery (KoMPASS) for papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs) has been initiated. The aim is to compare clinical outcomes between active surveillance (AS) and an immediate lobectomy for low-risk PTMCs. We here outline the detailed protocol for this study.
Methods
Adult patients with a cytopathologically confirmed PTMC sized 6.0 to 10.0 mm by ultrasound (US) will be included. Patients will be excluded if they have a suspicious extra-thyroidal extension or metastasis of a PTMC or multiple thyroid nodules or other thyroid diseases which require a total thyroidectomy. Printed material describing the prognosis of PTMCs, and the pros and cons of each management option, will be provided to eligible patients to select their preferred intervention. For the AS group, thyroid US, thyroid function, and quality of life (QoL) parameters will be monitored every 6 months during the first year, and then annually thereafter. Disease progression will be defined as a ≥3 mm increase in maximal diameter of a PTMC, or the development of new thyroid cancers or metastases. If progression is detected, patients should undergo appropriate surgery. For the lobectomy group, a lobectomy with prophylactic central neck dissection will be done within 6 months. After initial surgery, thyroid US, thyroid function, serum thyroglobulin (Tg), anti-Tg antibody, and QoL parameters will be monitored every 6 months during the first year and annually thereafter. Disease progression will be defined in these cases as the development of new thyroid cancers or metastases.
Conclusion
KoMPASS findings will help to confirm the role of AS, and develop individualized management strategies, for low-risk PTMCs.

Citations

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Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Thyroid Cancers: A Review of Current Practice Guidelines
Min Joo Kim, Jae Hoon Moon, Eun Kyung Lee, Young Shin Song, Kyong Yeun Jung, Ji Ye Lee, Ji-hoon Kim, Kyungsik Kim, Sue K. Park, Young Joo Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(1): 47. CrossRef
It Is Time to Understand the Additional Benefits of Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Kyeong Jin Kim
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Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma as an Acceptable Management Option with Additional Benefits: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Jee Hee Yoon, Wonsuk Choi, Ji Yong Park, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(1): 152. CrossRef
Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma as an Acceptable Management Option with Additional Benefits: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Jee Hee Yoon, Wonsuk Choi, Ji Yong Park, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(1): 152. CrossRef
Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone, Age, and Tumor Size are Risk Factors for Progression During Active Surveillance of Low‐Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma in Adults
Yasuhiro Ito, Akira Miyauchi, Makoto Fujishima, Takuya Noda, Tsutomu Sano, Takahiro Sasaki, Taketoshi Kishi, Tomohiko Nakamura
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To Screen or Not to Screen?
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Long-Term Outcomes of Active Surveillance and Immediate Surgery for Adult Patients with Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: 30-Year Experience
Akira Miyauchi, Yasuhiro Ito, Makoto Fujishima, Akihiro Miya, Naoyoshi Onoda, Minoru Kihara, Takuya Higashiyama, Hiroo Masuoka, Shiori Kawano, Takahiro Sasaki, Mitsushige Nishikawa, Shuji Fukata, Takashi Akamizu, Mitsuru Ito, Eijun Nishihara, Mako Hisakad
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Masashi Yamamoto, Akira Miyauchi, Yasuhiro Ito, Makoto Fujishima, Takahiro Sasaki, Takumi Kudo
Thyroid®.2023; 33(10): 1182. CrossRef
Cost-Effectiveness of Active Surveillance Compared to Early Surgery of Small Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study on a Korean Population
Han-Sang Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwangsoon Kim, Jaseong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim, Sungju Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Chulmin Kim
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Optimal Cutoff Values of the Contact Angle of Tumor on Sonography System for Predicting Extrathyroidal Extension of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Tumor Location
Ik Beom Shin, Do Hoon Koo, Dong Sik Bae
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Thermal ablation for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma located in the isthmus: a study with 3 years of follow-up
Lin Zheng, Fang-yi Liu, Jie Yu, Zhi-gang Cheng, Xiao-ling Yu, Xiao-cong Dong, Zhi-yu Han, Ping Liang
Future Oncology.2022; 18(4): 471. CrossRef
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Thyroid.2022; 32(4): 397. CrossRef
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Renato Patrone, Nunzio Velotti, Stefania Masone, Alessandra Conzo, Luigi Flagiello, Chiara Cacciatore, Marco Filardo, Vincenza Granata, Francesco Izzo, Domenico Testa, Stefano Avenia, Alessandro Sanguinetti, Andrea Polistena, Giovanni Conzo
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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Active Surveillance Compared to Early Surgery in Small Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systemic Review
Han-sang Baek, Chai-ho Jeong, Jeonghoon Ha, Ja-Seong Bae, Jeong-soo Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Chul-Min Kim
Cancer Management and Research.2021; Volume 13: 6721. CrossRef
Active Surveillance as an Effective Management Option for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
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Thyroid
Association between Serum Free Thyroxine and Anemia in Euthyroid Adults: A Nationwide Study (Endocrinol Metab 2020;35:106-14, Mijin Kim et al.): Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):669-670. Published online July 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.306

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Clinical Study
Vandetanib for the Management of Advanced Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Real-World Multicenter Experience: Mijin Kim, Jee Hee Yoon, Jonghwa Ahn, Min Ji Jeon, Hee Kyung Kim, Dong Jun Lim, Ho-Cheol Kang, In Joo Kim, Young Kee Shong, Tae Yong Kim, Bo Hyun Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):587-594. Published online September 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.687

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Background
Vandetanib is the most widely used tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). However, only limited data regarding its use outside clinical trials are available. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vandetanib in patients with advanced MTC in routine clinical practice.
Methods
In this multicenter retrospective study, 12 patients with locally advanced or metastatic MTC treated with vandetanib at four tertiary hospitals were included. The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR) based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicities were also evaluated.
Results
Eleven patients (92%) had distant metastasis and 10 (83%) had disease progression at enrollment. Partial response was observed in five patients (ORR, 42%) and stable disease lasting ≥24 weeks was reported in an additional five patients (83%). During the median 31.7 months of follow-up, disease progression was seen in five patients (42%); of these, two died due to disease progression. The median PFS was 25.9 months, while the median OS was not reached. All patients experienced adverse events (AEs) which were generally consistent with the known safety profile of vandetanib. Vandetanib was discontinued in two patients due to skin toxicity.
Conclusion
Consistent with the phase III trial, this study confirmed the efficacy of vandetanib for advanced MTC in terms of both ORR and PFS in the real-world setting. Vandetanib was well tolerated in the majority of patients, and there were no fatal AEs.

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Metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC): disease course, treatment modalities and factors predisposing for drug resistance
Katerina Saltiki, George Simeakis, Olga Karapanou, Stavroula A. Paschou, Maria Alevizaki
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Initial Experiences of Selective RET Inhibitor Selpercatinib in Adults with Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Real-World Case Series in Korea
Han-Sang Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Seunggyun Ha, Ja Seong Bae, Chan Kwon Jung, Dong-Jun Lim
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Nicolas Sahakian, Frédéric Castinetti, Pauline Romanet
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Antonio Matrone, Carla Gambale, Alessandro Prete, Rossella Elisei
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Yujie Zhang, Zhichao Xing, Tianyou Liu, Minghai Tang, Li Mi, Jingqiang Zhu, Wenshuang Wu, Tao Wei
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Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim
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Jolanta Krajewska, Aleksandra Kukulska, Malgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska, Barbara Jarzab
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Alice Nervo, Francesca Retta, Alberto Ragni, Alessandro Piovesan, Alberto Mella, Luigi Biancone, Marco Manganaro, Marco Gallo, Emanuela Arvat
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Clinical Study
Clinical Implication of World Health Organization Classification in Patients with Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma in South Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study: Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):618-627. Published online September 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.742

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Background
The study aimed to compare the prognostic value of the 4th edition of World Health Organization classification (WHO-2017) with the previous WHO classification (WHO-2004) for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC).
Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 318 patients with FTC from five tertiary centers who underwent thyroid surgery between 1996 and 2009. We evaluated the prognosis of patients with minimally invasive (MI), encapsulated angioinvasive (EA), and widely invasive (WI) FTC according to WHO-2017. Further, we evaluated the proportion of variation explained (PVE) and Harrell’s C-index to compare the predictability of disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).
Results
In total, 227, 58, and 33 patients had MI-, EA-, and WI-FTC, respectively. During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 46 (14.5%) patients had disease recurrence and 20 (6.3%) patients died from FTC. The 10-year DFS rates of patients with MI-, EA-, and WI-FTC were 91.1%, 78.2%, and 54.9%, respectively (P<0.001, PVE=7.1%, C-index=0.649). The corresponding 10-year DSS rates were 95.9%, 93.5%, and 73.5%, respectively (P<0.001, PVE=2.6%, C-index=0.624). The PVE and C-index values were higher using WHO-2017 than using WHO-2004 for the prediction of DFS, but not for DSS. In multivariate analysis, older age (P=0.02), gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (P=0.003), and distant metastasis (P<0.001) were independent risk factors for DSS.
Conclusion
WHO-2017 improves the predictability of DFS, but not DSS, in patients with FTC. Distant metastasis, gross ETE and older age (≥55 years) were independent risk factors for DSS.

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Risk factors for death of follicular thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ting Zhang, Liang He, Zhihong Wang, Wenwu Dong, Wei Sun, Ping Zhang, Hao Zhang
Endocrine.2023; 82(3): 457. CrossRef
Molecular classification of follicular thyroid carcinoma based on TERT promoter mutations
Hyunju Park, Hyeong Chan Shin, Heera Yang, Jung Heo, Chang-Seok Ki, Hye Seung Kim, Jung-Han Kim, Soo Yeon Hahn, Yun Jae Chung, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Lyun Oh, Tae Hyuk Kim
Modern Pathology.2022; 35(2): 186. CrossRef
Whole-genome Sequencing of Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas Reveal Recurrent Mutations in MicroRNA Processing Subunit DGCR8
Johan O Paulsson, Nima Rafati, Sebastian DiLorenzo, Yi Chen, Felix Haglund, Jan Zedenius, C Christofer Juhlin
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 106(11): 3265. CrossRef
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study in South Korea
Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Yea Eun Kang, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(5): 1078. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Association between Serum Free Thyroxine and Anemia in Euthyroid Adults: A Nationwide Study: Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hyungi Lee, Min Hee Jang, Jeong Mi Kim, Eun Heui Kim, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, In Joo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(1):106-114. Published online March 19, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.1.106

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Background

Studies on the relationship between thyroid function and anemia in the euthyroid range are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the association between anemia and serum free thyroxine (fT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) in euthyroid adults.

Methods

Data on 5,352 participants aged ≥19 years were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013 to 2015). Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <13 and <12 g/dL for men and women, respectively.

Results

Overall, 6.1% of participants had anemia, and more women (9.9%) had anemia than men (2.8%, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, serum fT4 levels, but not TSH, were positively associated with serum Hb levels in both sexes (P<0.001, each). Serum Hb levels linearly reduced across decreasing serum fT4 quartile groups in both sexes (P<0.001, each). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, participants with low-normal fT4 had 4.4 (P=0.003) and 2.8 times (P<0.001) higher risk for anemia than those with high-normal fT4 among men and women, respectively. When participants were divided into two groups at 50 years of age, in younger participants, men and women with the first quartile were at higher risk of anemia than men with the second quartile (odds ratio [OR], 3.3; P=0.029) and women with the forth quartile (OR, 3.2; P<0.001), respectively. This association was not observed in older participants.

Conclusion

These results suggest that a low-normal level of serum fT4 was associated with a lower serum Hb level and a higher risk of anemia in euthyroid adults, especially in younger participants.

Citations

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Thyroid Function and Risk of Anemia: A Multivariable-Adjusted and Mendelian Randomization Analysis in the UK Biobank
Nicolien A van Vliet, Annelies E P Kamphuis, Wendy P J den Elzen, Gerard J Blauw, Jacobijn Gussekloo, Raymond Noordam, Diana van Heemst
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 107(2): e643. CrossRef
Thyroid function, pernicious anemia and erythropoiesis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Alisa D Kjaergaard, Alexander Teumer, Eirini Marouli, Panos Deloukas, Aleksander Kuś, Rosalie Sterenborg, Bjørn O Åsvold, Marco Medici, Christina Ellervik
Human Molecular Genetics.2022; 31(15): 2548. CrossRef
Changes of hematological indices in patients with diffuse toxic goiter
F. H. Saidova, L. M. Ahmedova, Zh. B. Aslanova, N. A. Najafov
Klinicheskaia khirurgiia.2021; 88(3-4): 76. CrossRef
Association between Serum Free Thyroxine and Anemia in Euthyroid Adults: A Nationwide Study (Endocrinol Metab 2020;35:106-14, Mijin Kim et al.)
Zheng Feei Ma
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(2): 484. CrossRef
Association between Serum Free Thyroxine and Anemia in Euthyroid Adults: A Nationwide Study (Endocrinol Metab 2020;35:106-14, Mijin Kim et al.)
Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(3): 669. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Modification of the Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma by Considering Extra-Thyroidal Extension and Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis: Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Ho-Cheol Kang, Tae Yong Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(1):149-156. Published online March 19, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.1.149

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Background

Concerns have arisen about the classification of extra-thyroidal extension (ETE) and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (N1b) in the 8th edition of the tumor-node-metastasis staging system (TNM-8). This study evaluated the prognostic validity of a modified-TNM staging system, focusing on ETE and N1b, in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 4,878 DTC patients from five tertiary hospitals. In the modified-TNM, T3b in TNM-8 was down-staged to T2, and stage II was subdivided into stages IIA and IIB. Older patients with N1b were reclassified as stage IIB.

Results

The modified-TNM resulted in staging migration in 540 patients (11%) classified as stage II according to the TNM-8, with 75 (14%), 381 (71%), and 84 patients (16%) classified as stages I, IIA, and IIB, respectively. The 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates in patients classified as stages I, II, III, and IV by TNM-8 were 99.8%, 95.9%, 81.0%, and 41.6%, respectively. The DSS rates of patients classified as stages I, IIA, IIB, III, and IV according to the modified-TNM were 99.8%, 96.4%, 93.3%, 81.0%, and 41.6%, respectively. DSS curves between stages on TNM-8 (P<0.001) and modified-TNM (P<0.001) differed significantly, but the modified-TNM discriminated better than TNM-8. The proportions of variation explained values of TNM-8 and modified-TNM were 6.3% and 6.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

Modification of the TNM staging system focusing on ETE and N1b could improve the prediction of DSS in patients with DTC. Further researches are needed to validate the prognostic accuracy of this modified-TNM staging system.

Citations

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Clinicopathological features of differentiated thyroid carcinoma as predictors of the effects of radioactive iodine therapy
Wen Liu, Beibei Jiang, Jingli Xue, Ruijing Liu, Yuqing Wei, Peifeng Li
Annals of Diagnostic Pathology.2024; 69: 152243. CrossRef
Thyroid Collision Tumors: The Presence of the Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Component Negatively Influences the Prognosis
Ion Negura, Victor Ianole, Mihai Danciu, Cristina Preda, Diana Gabriela Iosep, Radu Dănilă, Alexandru Grigorovici, Delia Gabriela Ciobanu Apostol
Diagnostics.2023; 13(2): 285. CrossRef
Serum thyroglobulin testing after thyroid lobectomy in patients with 1–4 cm papillary thyroid carcinoma
Ahreum Jang, Meihua Jin, Chae A Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Gu Kim
Endocrine.2023; 81(2): 290. CrossRef
Prognostic Impact of Microscopic Extra-Thyroidal Extension (mETE) on Disease Free Survival in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC)
Nadia Bouzehouane, Pascal Roy, Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci, Mireille Bertholon-Grégoire, Chantal Bully, Agnès Perrin, Helene Lasolle, Jean-Christophe Lifante, Françoise Borson-Chazot, Claire Bournaud
Cancers.2022; 14(11): 2591. CrossRef
Impacts of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system on outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer in Thai patients
Yotsapon Thewjitcharoen, Waralee Chatchomchuan, Krittadhee Karndumri, Sriurai Porramatikul, Sirinate Krittiyawong, Ekgaluck Wanothayaroj, Siriwan Butadej, Soontaree Nakasatien, Veekij Veerasomboonsin, Auchai Kanchanapituk, Rajata Rajatanavin, Thep Himatho
Heliyon.2021; 7(3): e06624. CrossRef

Diabetes
High Brachial Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Marker for Predicting Coronary Artery Stenosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Bo Hyun Kim, Jae Sik Jang, Yong Seop Kwon, June Hyung Kim, In Joo Kim, Chang Won Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(1):88-96. Published online March 21, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.1.88

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Background

We evaluated the ability of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) to predict coronary artery stenosis (CAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes, and compared the predictive power of baPWV to that of well-known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk calculators.

Methods

The study group included 83 consecutive patients over 30 years old with type 2 diabetes who complained of vague chest discomfort. An automatic pulse waveform analyzer was used to measure baPWV. CAS was measured using multi-slice computed tomographic (MSCT) angiography.

Results

Age, maximal baPWV, duration of diabetes, current smoking, the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Risk Engine score, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) risk estimator score, the Framingham risk calculator score, and coronary artery calcium score were greater in patients with CAS than in those without CAS. An area under the curve (AUC) indicative of a predictive value for CAS (≥20%) was found for several parameters. The AUC of maximal baPWV, the UKPDS Risk Engine, the ACC/AHA ASCVD risk estimator, and the Framingham risk calculator were 0.672 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.554 to 0.785; P=0.010), 0.777 (95% CI, 0.675 to 0.878; P<0.001), 0.763 (95% CI, 0.660 to 0.866; P<0.001), and 0.736 (95% CI, 0.629 to 0.843; P<0.001), respectively. The optimal cutoff value of baPWV for the detection of CAS was 1,650 cm/sec (sensitivity, 68.9%; specificity, 63.2%).

Conclusion

Maximal baPWV was closely related with CAS detected by MSCT coronary angiography in patients with type 2 diabetes. baPWV has the potential to be a useful, noninvasive screening tool for the prediction of occult CAS in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantoms With Heterogeneous Plaques: Estimation of Pulse Wave Velocity at the Stenotic Region Using Pulse Wave Imaging
Nima Mobadersany, Pengcheng Liang, Paul Kemper, Elisa E. Konofagou
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The risk factors of early arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes without diabetic macroangiopathy
Jia-Hui Wu, Rui Wang, Xiao-Jiao Jia, Na Lu, Qiang Lu, Fu-Zai Yin, Chun-Ming Ma
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Arterial Stiffness as a Predictor of the Index of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Hypertensive Patients
Guili Chang, Yueliang Hu, Qian Ge, Shaoli Chu, Alberto Avolio, Junli Zuo
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 2832. CrossRef
Pulse wave imaging of a stenotic artery model with plaque constituents of different stiffnesses: Experimental demonstration in phantoms and fluid-structure interaction simulation
Nima Mobadersany, Nirvedh H. Meshram, Paul Kemper, C.V. Sise, Grigorios M. Karageorgos, Pengcheng Liang, Gerard A. Ateshian, Elisa E. Konofagou
Journal of Biomechanics.2023; 149: 111502. CrossRef
Computational clustering reveals differentiated coronary artery calcium progression at prevalent levels of pulse wave velocity by classifying high-risk patients
Maximo Rousseau-Portalis, Leandro Cymberknop, Ignacio Farro, Ricardo Armentano
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Pepsinogen ratio and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity: a cross-sectional study on their interrelationship in atherosclerosis
Yuexi Li, Xiaoqin Liu, Yuhan Luo, Qiaoli Wang
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Plasma Atherogenic Index is an Independent Predictor of Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Koreans
Ji Sun Nam, Min Kyung Kim, Kahui Park, Arim Choi, Shinae Kang, Chul Woo Ahn, Jong Suk Park
Angiology.2022; 73(6): 514. CrossRef
Risk assessment indicators and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity to predict atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Hung-Ju Ko, Chuan-Chuan Liu, Po-Jui Hsu, Kuang-Chun Hu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Lo-Yip Yu, Yun-Chieh Huang, Shou-Chuan Shih
Medicine.2022; 101(32): e29609. CrossRef
Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as a predictor of long-term cardiovascular events in 2174 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study
Hack-Lyoung Kim, Won Kyeong Jeon, Hyun Sung Joh, Woo-Hyun Lim, Jae-Bin Seo, Sang-Hyun Kim, Joo-Hee Zo, Myung-A Kim
Medicine.2022; 101(45): e31758. CrossRef
Ultrasound Methods in the Evaluation of Atherosclerosis: From Pathophysiology to Clinic
Gabriel Cismaru, Teodora Serban, Alexandru Tirpe
Biomedicines.2021; 9(4): 418. CrossRef
A model to predict risk of stroke in middle-aged adults with type 2 diabetes generated from a nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea
Mee-Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hwan Lee
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2020; 163: 108157. CrossRef
Association of impaired arterial wall properties with the presence of coronary artery disease in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms
Pinelopi Rafouli‐Stergiou, Ignatios Ikonomidis, Niki Katsiki, Nikolaos P. E. Kadoglou, Stefanos Vlachos, John Thymis, John Parissis, Konstantinos G. Moulakakis, John D. Kakisis
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2020; 22(2): 187. CrossRef
Association of serum FAM19A5 with metabolic and vascular risk factors in human subjects with or without type 2 diabetes
You-Bin Lee, Hwan-Jin Hwang, Jung A Kim, Soon Young Hwang, Eun Roh, So-hyeon Hong, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Hye Jin Yoo
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research.2019; 16(6): 530. CrossRef
Pulse Wave Velocity in Atherosclerosis
Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Clinical Study
Disease-Specific Mortality of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients in Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study: Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Hyuk Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Eun Sook Kim, Hosu Kim, Young Nam Kim, Eun Heui Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(4):434-441. Published online November 22, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.434

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Background

Little is known regarding disease-specific mortality of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients and its risk factors in Korea.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed a large multi-center cohort of thyroid cancer from six Korean hospitals and included 8,058 DTC patients who underwent initial surgery between 1996 and 2005.

Results

Mean age of patients at diagnosis was 46.2±12.3 years; 87% were females. Most patients had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC; 97%) and underwent total thyroidectomy (85%). Mean size of the primary tumor was 1.6±1.0 cm. Approximately 40% of patients had cervical lymph node (LN) metastases and 1.3% had synchronous distant metastases. During 11.3 years of follow-up, 150 disease-specific mortalities (1.9%) occurred; the 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was 98%. According to the year of diagnosis, the number of disease-specific mortality was not different. However, the rate of disease-specific mortality decreased during the study period (from 7.7% to 0.7%). Older age (≥45 years) at diagnosis, male, follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) versus PTC, larger tumor size (>2 cm), presence of extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lateral cervical LN metastasis, distant metastasis and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage were independent risk factors of disease-specific mortality of DTC patients.

Conclusion

The rate of disease-specific mortality of Korean DTC patients was 1.9%; the 10-year DSS rate was 98% during 1996 to 2005. Older age at diagnosis, male, FTC, larger tumor size, presence of ETE, lateral cervical LN metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stages were significant risk factors of disease-specific mortality of Korean DTC patients.

Citations

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Log odds of negative lymph nodes/T stage ratio (LONT): A new prognostic tool for differentiated thyroid cancer without metastases in patients aged 55 and older
Xuezhen Wang, Yufan Wu, Xiaoxia Li, Jinsheng Hong, Mingwei Zhang
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The association between vitamin D supplementation and the long-term prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer patients: a retrospective observational cohort study with propensity score matching
Jong-hyuk Ahn, Hoonsung Choi, Su-jin Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Kyu Eun Lee, Do Joon Park, Young Joo Park
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Linear association between radioactive iodine dose and second primary malignancy risk in thyroid cancer
Kyeong Jin Kim, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Nam Hoon Kim, Sin Gon Kim
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.2023; 115(6): 695. CrossRef
Outcomes of Advanced Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in the Era of Targeted Therapy
Nicholas L. Kesby, Alexander J. Papachristos, Matti Gild, Ahmad Aniss, Mark S. Sywak, Roderick Clifton-Bligh, Stan B. Sidhu, Anthony R. Glover
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2022; 29(1): 64. CrossRef
Clinical Implication of Mutifocality for Risk of Recurrence in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim
Journal of Endocrine Surgery.2022; 22(1): 10. CrossRef
Clinical Factors Predictive of Lymph Node Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A Multivariate Analysis
Hui Zheng, Victoria Lai, Jana Lu, Jin K Kang, Jiling Chou, Kenneth D Burman, Leonard Wartofsky, Jennifer E Rosen
Journal of the American College of Surgeons.2022; 234(4): 691. CrossRef
Minimal extrathyroidal extension is associated with lymph node metastasis in single papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 814 patients
Ra-Yeong Song, Hee Sung Kim, Kyung Ho Kang
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Central Lymph Node Ratio Predicts Recurrence in Patients with N1b Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Il Ku Kang, Kwangsoon Kim, Joonseon Park, Ja Seong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim
Cancers.2022; 14(15): 3677. CrossRef
Characterization of the CpG island methylator phenotype subclass in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Pengfei Gu, Yu Zeng, Weike Ma, Wei Zhang, Yu Liu, Fengli Guo, Xianhui Ruan, Jiadong Chi, Xiangqian Zheng, Ming Gao
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
MicroRNA Profile for Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer
Jong-Lyul Park, Seon-Kyu Kim, Sora Jeon, Chan-Kwon Jung, Yong-Sung Kim
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Lactate Dehydrogenase A as a Potential New Biomarker for Thyroid Cancer
Eun Jeong Ban, Daham Kim, Jin Kyong Kim, Sang-Wook Kang, Jandee Lee, Jong Ju Jeong, Kee-Hyun Nam, Woong Youn Chung, Kunhong Kim
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Male sex is not an independent risk factor for recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer: a propensity score-matching study
Joonseon Park, Kwangsoon Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Ja Seong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim
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Min Ji Kim, Han-Sang Baek, Sung Hak Lee, Dong-Jun Lim
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Modified risk stratification based on cervical lymph node metastases following lobectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Eyun Song, Jonghwa Ahn, Dong Eun Song, Won Woong Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Tae‐Yon Sung, Tae Yong Kim, Ki Wook Chung, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Suck Joon Hong, Yu‐Mi Lee, Won Gu Kim
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Omnia Mohamed Talaat, Ismail Mohamed Ali, Sherif Maher Abolyazid, Bader Abdelmaksoud, Ibrahim Mansour Nasr
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Highly prevalent BRAF V600E and low-frequency TERT promoter mutations underlie papillary thyroid carcinoma in Koreans
Sue Youn Kim, Taeeun Kim, Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim, Chan Kwon Jung
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2020; 54(4): 310. CrossRef
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Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(3): 618. CrossRef
The age threshold of the 8th edition AJCC classification is useful for indicating patients with aggressive papillary thyroid cancer in clinical practice
Krzysztof Kaliszewski, Dorota Diakowska, Łukasz Nowak, Beata Wojtczak, Jerzy Rudnicki
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Lobectomy Is Feasible for 1–4 cm Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas: A 10-Year Propensity Score Matched-Pair Analysis on Recurrence
Eyun Song, Minkyu Han, Hye-Seon Oh, Won Woong Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae Yong Kim, Ki Wook Chung, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Suck Joon Hong, Tae-Yon Sung, Won Gu Kim
Thyroid.2019; 29(1): 64. CrossRef
The binary presence or absence of lymph node metastasis or extrathyroidal extension is not associated with survival in papillary thyroid cancers: Implications for staging systems
Hyun-Soo Zhang, Eun-Kyung Lee, Yuh-Seog Jung, Byung-Ho Nam, Boyoung Park
Cancer Epidemiology.2019; 63: 101589. CrossRef
Risk of Adverse Obstetric Outcomes and the Abnormal Growth of Offspring in Women with a History of Thyroid Cancer
Geum Joon Cho, So-youn Kim, Hoi Chang Lee, Kyu-Min Lee, Sung Won Han, Min-Jeong Oh, Teresa K. Woodruff
Thyroid.2019; 29(6): 879. CrossRef
Changes in Serum Thyroglobulin Levels After Lobectomy in Patients with Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Suyeon Park, Min Ji Jeon, Hye-Seon Oh, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Minkyu Han, Ji Min Han, Tae Yong Kim, Ki-Wook Chung, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Gu Kim
Thyroid.2018; 28(8): 997. CrossRef
Clinical Outcomes of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients with Local Recurrence or Distant Metastasis Detected in Old Age
Ji Min Han, Ji Cheol Bae, Hye In Kim, Sam Kwon, Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2018; 33(4): 459. CrossRef
Prognosis of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma with Initial Distant Metastasis: A Multicenter Study in Korea
Hosu Kim, Hye In Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Jaehoon Jung, Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Ji Min Han, Yoon Young Cho, Tae Hyuk Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2018; 33(2): 287. CrossRef
Decreasing Disease-Specific Mortality of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Min Ji Jeon, Hee Kyung Kim, Eun Heui Kim, Eun Sook Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Won Gu Kim
Thyroid.2018; 28(9): 1121. CrossRef
Active Surveillance of Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Multi-Center Cohort Study in Korea
Hye-Seon Oh, Jeonghoon Ha, Hye In Kim, Tae Hyuk Kim, Won Gu Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Tae Yong Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Jae Hoon Chung, Jung Hwan Baek
Thyroid.2018; 28(12): 1587. CrossRef

Thyroid
Recent Updates on the Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Bo Hyun Kim, In Joo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(3):392-399. Published online August 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.392

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Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor derived from the thyroid C cells producing calcitonin. MTC accounts for 0.6% of all thyroid cancers and incidence of MTC increased steadily between 1997 and 2011 in Korea. It occurs either sporadically or in a hereditary form based on germline rearranged during transfection (RET) mutations. MTC can be cured only by complete resection of the thyroid tumor and any loco-regional metastases. The most appropriate treatment is still less clear in patients with residual or recurrent disease after initial surgery or those with distant metastases because most patients even with metastatic disease have indolent courses with slow progression for several years and MTC is not responsive to either radioactive iodine therapy or thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression. Recently, two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), vandetanib and cabozantinib, are approved for use in patients with advanced, metastatic or progressive MTC. In this review, we summarize the current approach according to revised American Thyroid Association guidelines and recent advances in systemic treatment such as TKIs for patients with persistent or recurrent MTC after surgery.

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O Hamdy, S Awny, IH Metwally
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Carcinoma medular de tiroides estadio iv y gestación
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Bildgebung beim medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinom
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BioMed Research International.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Radioguided hepatic resection with l -DOPA in metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma
Javier López-Gómez, Sevastian Medina-Ornelas, Ma. Alejandra Salazar-Álvarez, Mario Álvarez-Bojórquez, Noel Zaragoza-Cruz, Javier Melchor-Ruan, Alethia Álvarez-Cano
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EF24 (a Curcumin Analog) and ZSTK474 Emphasize the Effect of Cabozantinib in Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Loris Bertazza, Francesca Sensi, Elisabetta Cavedon, Sara Watutantrige-Fernando, Simona Censi, Jacopo Manso, Federica Vianello, Eric Casal Ide, Maurizio Iacobone, Raffaele Pezzani, Caterina Mian, Susi Barollo
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Resección hepática radioguiada con 18 F-DOPA en un paciente con carcinoma medular de tiroides metastásico
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Kyong Yeun Jung, Seok-Mo Kim, Min Joo Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Bup-Woo Kim, Yong Sang Lee, Jong Ju Jeong, Kee-Hyun Nam, Woong Youn Chung, Kyu Eun Lee, Eun-Jae Chung, Hyo Jeong Kim, Do Joon Park, Myung-Whun Sung, Cheong Soo Park, Bo Youn Cho, Young Joo Park, Han
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Thyroid cancer management
Francesco Perri, Antonio Giordano, Salvatore Pisconti, Franco Ionna, Maria G. Chiofalo, Francesco Longo, Davide Leopardo, Giuseppina Della Vittoria Scarpati, Luciano Pezzullo
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Articles inEndocrinology and Metabolismin 2016
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Thyroid
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Asians: Bo Hyun Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(1):62-63. Published online March 16, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.1.62

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Clinical Study
Characteristics of Korean Patients with Antithyroid Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis: A Multicenter Study in Korea: Hee Kyung Kim, Jee Hee Yoon, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Min Jin Lee, Bo Hyun Kim, In Joo Kim, Ji Young Joung, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Ho-Cheol Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(4):475-480. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.4.475

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Background

Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) can lead to the development of agranulocytosis, which is the most serious adverse effect. Characteristics of ATD-induced agranulocytosis (AIA) have seldom been reported due to the rarity. In this study, we characterized the clinical features for AIA in Korean patients.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with AIA diagnosed between 1997 and 2014 at four tertiary hospitals. Agranulocytosis was defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below 500/mm³.

Results

The mean age of the patients (11 males, 43 females) was 38.2±14.9 years. Forty-eight patients (88.9%) with AIA had fever and sore throat on initial presentation, 20.4% of patients developed AIA during the second course of treatment, and 75.9% of patients suffered AIA within 3 months after initiation of ATD. The patients taking methimazole (n=39) showed lower levels of ANC and more frequent use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor than propylthiouracil (n=15) users. The median duration of agranulocytosis was 5.5 days (range, 1 to 20). No differences were observed between the long (≥6 days) and short recovery time (≤5 days) groups in terms of age, gender, ATDs, duration of ATDs, or initial ANC levels. Four patients (7.4%) who were taking ATDs for less than 2 months died of sepsis on the first or second day of hospitalization.

Conclusion

The majority of AIA incidents occur in the early treatment period. Considering the high fatality rate of AIA, an early aggressive therapeutic approach is critical and patients should be well informed regarding the warning symptoms of the disease.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Novel Association of KLRC4-KLRK1 Gene Polymorphisms with Susceptibility and Progression of Antithyroid Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis
Yayi He, Pan Ma, Yuanlin Luo, Xiaojuan Gong, Jiayang Gao, Yuxin Sun, Pu Chen, Suliang Zhang, Yuxin Tian, Bingyin Shi, Bao Zhang
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes.2024; 132(01): 17. CrossRef
A Disproportionality Analysis of the Adverse Effect Profiles of Methimazole and Propylthiouracil in Patients with Hyperthyroidism Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database
Masanori Arai, Takahiro Tsuno, Hiromi Konishi, Kuniyuki Nishiyama, Yasuo Terauchi, Ryota Inoue, Jun Shirakawa
Thyroid®.2023; 33(7): 804. CrossRef
The Current Status of Hyperthyroidism in Korea
Hyemi Kwon
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 392. CrossRef
Clinical characteristics of neutropenic patients under antithyroid drug: Twelve-year experience in a medical center
Chih-Hsueh Tseng, Chi-Lung Tseng, Harn-Shen Chen, Pei-Lung Chen, Chun-Jui Huang
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association.2023; 86(9): 826. CrossRef
Association of MICA gene polymorphisms with thionamide-induced agranulocytosis
P. Ma, P. Chen, J. Gao, H. Guo, S. Li, J. Yang, J. Lai, X. Yang, B. Zhang, Y. He
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2021; 44(2): 363. CrossRef
Efficacy and adverse events related to the initial dose of methimazole in children and adolescents with Graves’ disease
Hyun Gyung Lee, Eun Mi Yang, Chan Jong Kim
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 26(3): 199. CrossRef
MICA polymorphisms associated with antithyroid drug‐induced agranulocytosis in the Chinese Han population
Xiaojuan Gong, Pu Chen, Pan Ma, Jiayang Gao, Jingsi Yang, Hui Guo, Chunxia Yan, Bao Zhang, Yayi He
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease.2020; 8(4): 695. CrossRef
The Management of Thyroid Disease in COVID-19 Pandemic
Won Sang Yoo, Hyun-Kyung Chung
International Journal of Thyroidology.2020; 13(2): 65. CrossRef
Increased Risk of Antithyroid Drug Agranulocytosis Associated with Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Michal Gershinsky, Walid Saliba, Idit Lavi, Chen Shapira, Naomi Gronich
Thyroid.2019; 29(2): 193. CrossRef
A Case of Acute Supraglottitis Following Anti-Thyroid Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis
Jung Jun Lee, Dong Young Kim, Jeon Yeob Jang
Journal of The Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics.2019; 30(2): 128. CrossRef
Association of HLA-B∗38:02 with Antithyroid Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis in Kinh Vietnamese Patients
Mai Phuong Thao, Pham Vo Anh Tuan, Le Gia Hoang Linh, Lam Van Hoang, Phan Huu Hen, Le Tuyet Hoa, Hoang Anh Vu, Do Duc Minh
International Journal of Endocrinology.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Severe Gingival Ulceration and Necrosis Caused by an Antithyroid Drug: One Case Report and Proposed Clinical Approach
Ying‐Ying Chang, Chih‐Wen Tseng, Kuo Yuan
Clinical Advances in Periodontics.2018; 8(1): 11. CrossRef
Emphasis on the early diagnosis of antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis: retrospective analysis over 16 years at one Chinese center
Y. He, J. Li, J. Zheng, Z. Khan, W. Qiang, F. Gao, Y. Zhao, B. Shi
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2017; 40(7): 733. CrossRef
Association of HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms with antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis in a Han population from northern China
Yayi He, Jie Zheng, Qian Zhang, Peng Hou, Feng Zhu, Jian Yang, Wenhao Li, Pu Chen, Shu Liu, Bao Zhang, Bingyin Shi
Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Use of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor in the treatment of methimazole‐induced agranulocytosis: a case report
Asha Birmingham, Carissa Mancuso, Craig Williams
Clinical Case Reports.2017; 5(10): 1701. CrossRef
2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis
Douglas S. Ross, Henry B. Burch, David S. Cooper, M. Carol Greenlee, Peter Laurberg, Ana Luiza Maia, Scott A. Rivkees, Mary Samuels, Julie Ann Sosa, Marius N. Stan, Martin A. Walter
Thyroid.2016; 26(10): 1343. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Association of the Preoperative Neutrophil-to-ymphocyte Count Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Count Ratio with Clinicopathological Characteristics in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Sang Mi Kim, Eun Heui Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Jong Ho Kim, Su Bin Park, Yoon Jeong Nam, Kang Hee Ahn, Min Young Oh, Won Jin Kim, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Yong Ki Kim, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(4):494-501. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.4.494

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Background

Several inflammatory biomarkers, especially a high preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte count ratio (PLR), are known to be indicator of poor prognosis in several cancers. However, very few studies have evaluated the significance of the NLR and PLR in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We evaluated the association of the preoperative NLR and PLR with clinicopathological characteristics in patients with PTC.

Methods

This study included 1,066 female patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC. Patients were stratified into 4 quartiles by preoperative NLR and PLR. And the combination of preoperative NLR and PLR was calculated on the basis of data obtained value of tertile as follows: patients with both an elevated PLR and an elevated NLR were allocated a score of 2, and patients showing one or neither were allocated a score of 1 or 0, respectively.

Results

The preoperative NLR and PLR were significantly lower in patients aged ≥45 years and in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The PLR was significantly higher in patients with tumor size >1 cm (P=0.021).When the patients were categorized into the aforementioned four groups, the group with the higher preoperative PLR was found to have a significantly increased incidence of lateral lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P=0.018). However, there are no significant association between the combination of preoperative NLR and PLR and prognostic factors in PTC patients.

Conclusion

These results suggest that a preoperative high PLR were significant associated with lateral LNM in female patients with PTC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluation of the correlation of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio with prognostic classification systems in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients
Eren Ozan Yildiz, Kutay Işcen, Feyza Kaya, Onur Alptekin Güney, Suat Can Ulukent
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Preoperative serum inflammation-based scores in medullary thyroid cancer
Ana Abrantes Figueiredo, Susana Esteves, Margarida Maria Moura, Pedro Marques, Joana Simões-Pereira, Valeriano Leite
Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición.2023; 70(1): 48. CrossRef
Preoperative serum inflammation-based scores in medullary thyroid cancer
Ana Abrantes Figueiredo, Susana Esteves, Margarida Maria Moura, Pedro Marques, Joana Simões-Pereira, Valeriano Leite
Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed.).2023; 70(1): 48. CrossRef
Preoperative systemic inflammatory markers as prognostic factors in differentiated thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Elena Russo, Mathilda Guizzardi, Luca Canali, Francesca Gaino, Andrea Costantino, Gherardo Mazziotti, Andrea Lania, Silvia Uccella, Luca Di Tommaso, Fabio Ferreli, Luca Malvezzi, Giuseppe Spriano, Giuseppe Mercante
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.2023; 24(6): 1205. CrossRef
Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio with Clinicopathological Features and Short-Term Outcome in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Sumeet Suresh Malapure, Sibi Oommen, Shivanand Bhushan, Sucharitha Suresh, K. Devaraja
Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine.2023; 38(4): 313. CrossRef
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Hayri Bostan, Muhammed Erkam Sencar, Murat Calapkulu, Sema Hepsen, Pinar Akhanli, Hakan Duger, Bekir Ucan, Muhammed Kizilgul, Ilknur Ozturk Unsal, Mustafa Ozbek, Erman Cakal
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.2022; 279(8): 4077. CrossRef
Prognostic Impact of Inflammatory Markers PLR, LMR, PDW, MPV in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Canxiao Li, Han Zhang, Shijie Li, Daqi Zhang, Jingting Li, Gianlorenzo Dionigi, Nan Liang, Hui Sun
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HaiderSalim Mihson, AyadKhani Maikhan, AliRodan Shuwelif
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Seher ÇETİNKAYA ALTUNTAŞ, Ömercan TOPALOĞLU
Batı Karadeniz Tıp Dergisi.2022; 6(3): 302. CrossRef
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Mehmet Buğra Bozan, Fatih Mehmet Yazar, İlhami Taner Kale, Mehmet Fatih Yüzbaşıoğlu, Ömer Faruk Boran, Ayşe Azak Bozan
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Jungirl Seok, Chang Hwan Ryu, Seog Yun Park, Chang Yoon Lee, Young Ki Lee, Yul Hwangbo, Eun Kyung Lee, You Jin Lee, Tae Sung Kim, Seok‐ki Kim, Yuh‐Seog Jung, Junsun Ryu
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Ege Tıp Dergisi.2021; 60(1): 63. CrossRef
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Chao He, Yiqiao Lu, Binqi Wang, Jie He, Haiguang Liu, Xiaohua Zhang
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Taek Yoon Cheong, Sang Duk Hong, Keun-Woo Jung, Yoon Kyoung So, Paula Soares
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Cínthia Minatel Riguetto, Icléia Siqueira Barreto, Frederico Fernandes Ribeiro Maia, Lígia Vera Montali da Assumpção, Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann
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Serum Inflammation-based Scores in Endocrine Tumors
Pedro Marques, Friso de Vries, Olaf M Dekkers, Márta Korbonits, Nienke R Biermasz, Alberto M Pereira
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 106(10): e3796. CrossRef
Diferansiye Tiroid Kanserli Hastalarda Preoperatif Nötrofil / Lenfosit Oranının Boyun Ultrasonografisi ve Patolojik Bulgularla İlişkisi
Mehmet Esat DUYMUŞ
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Platelet Activation and Inflammation in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Sorina Martin, Theodor Mustata, Oana Enache, Oana Ion, Andreea Chifulescu, Anca Sirbu, Carmen Barbu, Adrian Miron, Cosmin Giulea, Florin Andrei, Simona Fica
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Murat Calapkulu, Muhammed Erkam Sencar, Davut Sakiz, Hakan Duger, Ilknur Ozturk Unsal, Mustafa Ozbek, Erman Cakal
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Association of the Preoperative Inflammation-Based Scores with TNM Stage and Recurrence in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Retrospective, Multicenter Analysis

Wenjie Chen, Tao Wei, Zhihui Li, Rixiang Gong, Jianyong Lei, Jingqiang Zhu, Tao Huang
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Inflammatory biomarkers and dynamics of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Haruhiko Yamazaki, Kiminori Sugino, Kenichi Matsuzu, Chie Masaki, Junko Akaishi, Kiyomi Hames, Chisato Tomoda, Akifumi Suzuki, Takashi Uruno, Keiko Ohkuwa, Wataru Kitagawa, Mitsuji Nagahama, Munetaka Masuda, Koichi Ito
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Immune Cell Confrontation in the Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Microenvironment
Zhenyu Xie, Xin Li, Yuzhen He, Song Wu, Shiyue Wang, Jianjian Sun, Yuchen He, Yu Lun, Jian Zhang
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Çiğdem CİNDOĞLU, Mehmet GÜLER, Mehmet Ali EREN, Tevfik SABUNCU
Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2020; 17(1): 104. CrossRef
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Faruk Kutluturk, Serdar S. Gul, Safak Sahin, Turker Tasliyurt
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The Immune Landscape of Thyroid Cancer in the Context of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Gilda Varricchi, Stefania Loffredo, Giancarlo Marone, Luca Modestino, Poupak Fallahi, Silvia Martina Ferrari, Amato de Paulis, Alessandro Antonelli, Maria Rosaria Galdiero
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Kwan Ho Lee, Eun Young Seok, Eun Young Kim, Ji Sup Yun, Yong Lai Park, Chan Heun Park
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Diagnostic Accuracy of Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios in Detecting Occult Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinomas in Benign Multinodular Goitres
Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Sophia Tseleni-Balafouta, Lazaros Tzelves, Dimitrios Balalis, Adelais Tzortzopoulou, Dimitrios P. Korkolis, George H. Sakorafas, Emmanouil Gontikakis, Georgios Plataniotis
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Assessment of clinical and pathological features of patients who underwent thyroid surgery: A retrospective clinical study
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Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Sofia Tseleni-Balafouta, Dimitrios Balalis, Vasiliki N. Soulou, Dimitrios P. Korkolis, George H. Sakorafas, Georgios Plataniotis, Emmanouil Gontikakis
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Ke Jiang, Jianyong Lei, Wenjie Chen, Yanping Gong, Han Luo, Zhihui Li, Rixiang Gong, Jingqiang Zhu
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Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and differentiated thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis
Ji-Feng Liu, Luo Ba, Hong Lv, Dan Lv, Jin-Tao Du, Xiao-Mei Jing, Ning-Jing Yang, Shao-Xin Wang, Chao Li, Xiao-Xia Li
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Bone Metabolism
Expression of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor during Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Yun Kyung Jeon, Min Jung Bae, Ju In Kim, Joo Hyoung Kim, Soo Jong Choi, Su Kyoung Kwon, Joon Hyop An, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Yong Ki Kim, In Joo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(4):567-573. Published online December 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.567

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone well known for its glucose-lowering effect, was recently reported to exert an anabolic effect on bone. Although the exact mechanism is not known, it likely involves the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which is expressed in some osteoblastic cell lines. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have mesenchymal stem cell-specific characteristics, including osteoblastic differentiation potential. We evaluated the expression of GLP-1R during osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.

Methods

ADSCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained from three male donors during plastic surgery and were subjected to osteogenic induction. Mineralization was assessed by Alizarin Red staining on day 21. Expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), and GLP-1R was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in triplicate for each patient on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Target mRNA expression levels were normalized to that of β-actin.

Results

ADSCs were fibroblast-like in morphology, adhered to plastic, and had multipotent differentiation potential, as assessed using specific antigen markers. The osteogenic markers ALP and OC were notably upregulated at 21 days. Osteogenic differentiation resulted in a time-dependent increase in the expression of GLP-1R (P=0.013).

Conclusion

We demonstrated upregulation of GLP-1R gene expression during osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. This finding suggests that GLP-1 may induce osteogenic differentiation in bone tissue.

Citations

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Adrenal gland
Incidentally Detected Inoperable Malignant Pheochromocytoma with Hepatic Metastasis Treated by Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization: Joong Keun Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Sung Min Baek, Dong Hun Shin, Won Jin Kim, Yun Kyoung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, In Joo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(4):584-589. Published online December 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.584

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Malignant pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a rare condition. Although the liver is the second most frequent site of metastasis in malignant PCC, no definite treatments have been established. Herein, we report a case of liver metastasis of PCC that was successfully treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). A 69-year-old man was admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology for evaluation of an incidental hepatic mass in August 2013. He had undergone right adrenalectomy in May 2005 and PCC had been confirmed on the basis of histopathological findings. Liver biopsy was performed, and metastatic PCC was diagnosed. The lesion appeared inoperable because of invasion of the portal vein and metastases in the lymph nodes along the hepatoduodenal ligament. Thus, TACE was performed instead. After TACE, symptoms including dizziness and cold sweating improved, and the patient's serum catecholamine levels decreased. On the basis of this case, we believe that TACE may be a useful treatment for liver metastasis in malignant PCC.

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ASTAXANTHIN INHIBITS CELL PROLIFERATION, MIGRATION, INVASION AND INDUCED APOPTOSIS VIA AMPK-mTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA HEP 3B CELLS
SHUJUN LU, YAJING ZHANG, WENLI YU
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Koshiro Nishimoto, Noriaki Lukas Santo, Masato Yonamine, Kazuhiro Takekoshi, Go Kaneko, Suguru Shirotake, Hisayo Fukushima, Yoshitaka Okada, Masanori Yasuda, Akihiro Sakurai, Masafumi Oyama, Kento Kanao
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Astaxanthin Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Inhibition of Nf-Κb P65 and Wnt/Β-Catenin in Vitro
Jingjing Li, Weiqi Dai, Yujing Xia, Kan Chen, Sainan Li, Tong Liu, Rong Zhang, Jianrong Wang, Wenxia Lu, Yuqing Zhou, Qin Yin, Huerxidan Abudumijiti, Rongxia Chen, Yuanyuan Zheng, Fan Wang, Jie Lu, Yingqun Zhou, Chuanyong Guo
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Clinical course and prognostic factors in patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: A single institution experience
Yun Mi Choi, Tae‐Yon Sung, Won Gu Kim, Jong Jin Lee, Jin‐Sook Ryu, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Suck Joon Hong, Dong Eun Song, Young Kee Shong
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Bone Metabolism
Short-Term Caloric Restriction Does Not Reduce Bone Mineral Density in Rats with Early Type 2 Diabetes: Yun Kyung Jeon, Won Jin Kim, Myung Jun Shin, Hae-Young Chung, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Seong-Jang Kim, Yong Ki Kim, In Joo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(1):70-76. Published online March 14, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.1.70

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Background

The effect of caloric restriction (CR) in the setting of diabetes on bone metabolism has not yet been fully studied. The aim of this study is to determine if short-term CR alters bone mass and metabolism in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Four groups (n=5) were created: OLETF rats with food ad libitum (AL), OLETF rats with CR, Long-Evans Tokusima Otsuka (LETO) rats with food AL, and LETO rats with CR. The CR condition was imposed on 24-week-old male rats using a 40% calorie reduction for 4 weeks. The effect of CR on femoral bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum markers were measured by immunoassay.

Results

After 4 weeks of CR, body weight decreased in both strains. The BMD decreased in LETO rats and was maintained in OLETF rats. After adjustment for body weight, BMD remained lower in LETO rats (P=0.017) but not OLETF rats (P=0.410). Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels decreased in LETO rats (P=0.025) but not in OLEFT rats (P=0.347). Serum leptin levels were reduced after CR in both strains, but hyperleptinemia remained in OLETF rats (P=0.009). CR increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in OLETF rats (P=0.009) but not in LETO rats (P=0.117). Additionally, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels decreased only in OLETF rats (P=0.009).

Conclusion

Short-term CR and related weight loss were associated with decreases of femoral BMD in LETO rats while BMD was maintained in OLETF rats. Short-term CR may not alter bone mass and metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats.

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Vivi F.H. Jensen, Anne-Marie Mølck, Majken Dalgaard, Fiona E. McGuigan, Kristina E. Akesson
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Dietary restrictions, bone density, and bone quality
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Thyroid
Co-Occurrence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma in a Patient with Long-Standing Hashimoto Thyroiditis: Yoon Jeong Nam, Bo Hyun Kim, Seong Keun Lee, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Woo Jin Jung, Dong Hwahn Kahng, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(4):341-345. Published online December 12, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.4.341

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Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common affliction of the thyroid gland, accounting for 70% to 80% of all thyroid cancers, whereas mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the thyroid gland is uncommon. The simultaneous occurrence of both malignancies is extremely rare. We report the case of a patient with both PTC and MALT lymphoma in the setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis. An 81-year-old female patient was first admitted with goiter and hoarseness, which was attributed to an ultrasonographic thyroid nodule. Subsequent fine-needle aspirate, interpreted as suspicious of papillary thyroid cancer, prompted total thyroidectomy. MALT lymphoma was an incidental postsurgical finding, coexisting with PTC in the setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Although the development of MALT lymphoma is very rare, patients with longstanding Hashimoto thyroiditis should undergo careful surveillance for both malignancies.

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Pragya Shrestha, Kimberly Aderhold, Sharon Swierczynski, Catherine Lin, Ronald Herb
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Coexistence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in a context of Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Saul Levy-Blitchtein, Stefany Plasencia-Rebata, Domingo Morales Luna, Juana del Valle Mendoza
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Thyroid
The Expression of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Bo Hyun Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(3):178-179. Published online September 13, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.3.178

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Development and validation of a three-immune-related gene signature prognostic risk model in papillary thyroid carcinoma
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Papillary thyroid carcinoma behavior: clues in the tumor microenvironment
Kensey Bergdorf, Donna C Ferguson, Mitra Mehrad, Kim Ely, Thomas Stricker, Vivian L Weiss
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Obesity and Metabolism
Adiposity in the Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Level and Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged and Elderly Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008: Ji Hyun Kang, Sang Soo Kim, Seung Su Moon, Won Jin Kim, Min Jung Bae, Bo Gwang Choi, Yun Kyung Jeon, Bo Hyun Kim, Yong Ki Kim, In Joo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(2):96-102. Published online June 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.2.96

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Background

The role of adiposity in the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and insulin resistance has not yet been fully studied. This aim of this study is to clarify the role of adiposity in the relationship between serum vitamin D level and insulin resistance among middle-aged and elderly Korean adults.

Methods

We used data from 2,710 individuals aged ≥50 years based on national data from a representative sample of the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV-2 in 2008.

Results

After adjustment for potential confounders, body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with 25(OH) vitamin D (P=0.008). However, waist circumference was not significantly associated with 25(OH) vitamin D. In the stratified analyses, 25(OH) vitamin D was found to be negatively associated with fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment estimate of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in participants with BMIs ≥25 kg/m² (P=0.003 for both insulin and HOMR-IR) but was not found to be associated in those with BMIs <23 kg/m². However, we observed a significant inverse in the association of 25(OH) vitamin D with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in both the normal (P=0.001 and P<0.001 and the abdominally obese group (P=0.010 and P=0.009) in the stratified analyses according to abdominal obesity.

Conclusion

Our results support that the idea that endogenously-produced vitamin D might be stored in subcutaneous fat deposits. In addition, the association of vitamin D with insulin resistance in middle-aged and elderly Korean adults was stronger when it was stratified by BMI than when abdominal obesity status.

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A Case of Adrenal Cystic Pheochromocytoma with Contralateral Adrenocortical Adenoma Causing Subclinical Cushing's Syndrome.: Chang Jun Park, Joo Wan Seo, Hyeog Gyu Seoung, Jung Hee Koh, Yong Jae Lee, Bo Hyun Kim, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(4):323-328. Published online December 20, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.4.323

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Abstract PDF

Bilateral adrenal neoplasms are associated with metastatic cancer, pheochromocytoma and lymphoma. The coexistence of a unilateral functioning adrenocortical adenoma with contralateral pheochromocytoma is extremely rare. A 52-year-old woman complained of fatigue, headache, palpitation, and progressive weight gain. Hormonal assessment demonstrated high 24 hours urine epinephrine, norepinephrine, and free cortisol. A dexamethasone suppression test (overnight 1 mg, low dose 2 mg) showed insuppressible cortisol. Computerized tomographic scanning revealed a bilateral adrenal tumor. To preserve adrenal function, right adrenalectomy along with left adrenal tumorectomy was performed. Histological finding of the right adrenal tumor was pheochromocytoma and the left adrenal tumor was adrenocortical adenoma. This patient was the first case of a functional adrenocortical adenoma with contralateral cystic pheochromocytoma in Korea. We report the case with a review of the literature.

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A Case of Bilateral ACTH-independent Adrenal Adenomas with Cushing's Syndrome Treated by Ipsilateral Total and Contralateral Partial Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Seung Ah Park, Dong min Jung, Soon young Kim, Nan Young Choi, Tae-jun Kim, Yong kyun Kim, Seong kyun Na, Chul Sik Kim, Seong Jin Lee, Sung-Hee Ihm, Jun Goo Kang
The Korean Journal of Obesity.2013; 22(4): 254. CrossRef

Pancytopenia Associated with Hypopituitarism in an Acromegaly Patient: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature.: Jung Hee Koh, Yong Jae Lee, Ji Hyun Kang, Bo Kwang Choi, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, In Joo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(4):308-313. Published online December 20, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.4.308

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We present the case of a patient with acromegaly who had pancytopenia with hypopituitarism secondary to the excision of a pituitary macroadenoma and radiation therapy. A 28-year-old man presented with pancytopenia and serum electrolyte abnormalities. He was diagnosed with acromegaly and underwent surgery and gamma-knife radiotherapy for a pituitary macroadenoma at the age of 22 years. A recent brain magnetic resonance imaging showed an empty sella, and the basal hormonal profile demonstrated deficiencies of pituitary hormones except thyrotropin. As presenting pancytopenia, his bone marrow biopsy showed hypocellular marrow. The total number of hemocytes increased after hydrocortisone replacement. Hypopituitarism was a possible cause of pancytopenia, and glucocorticoids had crucial effects on converting pancytopenia to normal in this case.

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A 24-Year-Old Male with Gigantism, Growth Hormone Deficiency, Suspected Clivus Chordoma, Primary Hypothyroidism, Hypogonadism and Pancytopenia
W.A. Arsana, M.I. Diah Pramudianti
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY.2019; 26(2): 249. CrossRef
Hormones and the Bone Marrow: Panhypopituitarism and Pancytopenia in a Man with a Pituitary Adenoma
Dianna Lang, Jennifer S. Mead, David B. Sykes
Journal of General Internal Medicine.2015; 30(5): 692. CrossRef

A Case of Actinomycotic Thyroiditis in an Adult with Piriform Sinus Fistula.: Hyun Ju Choi, Bo Won Kim, Min Ji Shin, Bo Kwang Choi, Ji Hyun Kang, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(3):222-226. Published online September 19, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.3.222

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Acute suppurative thyroiditis is an uncommon infectious thyroid disease affecting mainly children and young adults. The route of infection is frequently a pyriform sinus fistula. The major pathogens responsible for acute bacterial suppurative thyroiditis are the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. In contrast, Actinomyces species are a very rare cause of acute suppurative thyroiditis. We experienced a case of a 23-year-old man who has presented general weakness and neck pain. Thyroid ultrasonography showed an ill-defined area of heterogeneous hypoechogenicity in the left lobe of the thyroid gland. Histologic examination by fine needle aspiration demonstrated gram-positive, filamentous-like organisms with branching hyphae and characteristic sulfur granules. Barium esophagogram showed a linear barium-filled track at the left pyriform sinus. We report a case of actinomycotic thyroiditis in a young adult with pyriform sinus fistula along with a brief review of related literature.

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A Case of Pyriform Sinus Fistula Concurrent with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a 72-Year-Old Patient
Yun Young Jung, Dongbin Ahn, Heejin Kim, Jin Ho Sohn
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2015; 58(1): 48. CrossRef

A Case of Ectopic Thyroid Tissue Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration in the Lateral Neck.: Kyung Nam Lee, Sang Mi Kim, Jin Hee Choi, Kwang Duck Ryu, Bo Won Kim, Min Ji Shin, Bo Hyun Kim, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(3):217-221. Published online September 19, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.3.217

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Ectopic thyroid glands generally occur in the midline as a result of abnormal median migration and their presence in lateral to the midline is rare. Embryologically, the thyroid gland is derived from two anlages: a large median endodermal anlage and two lateral anlages. The median anlage produces most of the thyroid parenchyma, whereas the lateral anlage is derived from the fourth pharyngeal pouch and contributes 1-30% of the thyroid weight. In rare cases, failure of the lateral anlage to fuse with the median anlage can result in lateral ectopic thyroid gland. For many years, lateral, aberrant thyroid tissue in adults was a term used almost exclusively for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. However, aberrant, benign ectopic thyroid tissue rarely occurs. We present a 47-year-old man who had incidentally detected mass on the right lateral neck. He was clinically in a euthyroid status and the thyroid function test results were normal as well. Neck ultrasonography revealed a mild diffuse goiter and a 1.22 x 0.65 cm sized ovoid mass like lesion was located in the right level IV of the neck. The result of fine needle aspiration cytology was adenomatous goiter without lymphoid tissue or any malignancy. We rarely report aberrant, benign ectopic thyroid presence as a lateral neck mass.

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Ectopic Thyroid Mimicking Lymph Node Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer
Min Young Cho, Dong Young Kim
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2023; 66(6): 417. CrossRef
A Case of Lateral Ectopic Thyroid Mimicking the Metastatic Lymphadenopathy
Seung Ho Kim, Jung Heob Sohn, Jung Yeon Kim
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2019; 62(10): 588. CrossRef

Predictive Factors for Incidental Contralateral Carcinoma in Patients with Unilateral Micropapillary Thyroid Carcinoma.: Jung Eun Huh, Sang Soo Kim, Ji Hyun Kang, Bo Gwang Choi, Byung Joo Lee, Jin Choon Lee, Yun Kyung Jeon, Bo Hyun Kim, Soo Geun Wang, Yong Ki Kim, In Joo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(3):194-199. Published online September 19, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.3.194

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BACKGROUND
Whether thyroid lobectomy alone is a sufficient treatment for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive factors for incidental contralateral carcinoma in patients confirmed of unilateral PTMC preoperatively. METHODS: Between January 2007 and December 2009, 393 patients underwent thyroid surgery for unifocal and unilateral PTMC preoperatively at Pusan National University Hospital. A total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection was routinely performed for these patients during this study period. RESULTS: Among the 393 cases in the cohort, 77 patients (19.6%) had incidental PTMC in the contralateral lobe. In patients with incidental contralateral carcinoma, there was higher prevalence in extrathyroid extension, occult ipsilateral carcinoma, pathologic Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and central lymph node metastasis compared to those without contralateral carcinoma. The mean tumor size also increased in patients with contralateral carcinoma. Multivariate logistic regression showed that extrathyroid extension (P = 0.049), occult ipsilateral carcinoma (P < 0.001), pathologic Hashimoto's thyroiditis (P = 0.038), and central lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002) were predictive factors for incidental contralateral carcinoma. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, multifocality in the ipsilateral lobe, central lymph node metastasis, extrathyroid extension, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with the presence of contralateral carcinoma. Thus, if these factors are found by preoperative and/or postoperative evaluation, total thyroidectomy or completion thyroidectomy is necessary for the treatment of PTMC.

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Extent of surgery did not affect recurrence during 7‐years follow‐up in papillary thyroid cancer sized 1‐4 cm: Preliminary results
Min Joo Kim, Myung‐Chul Lee, Guk Haeng Lee, Hoon Sung Choi, Sun Wook Cho, Su‐jin Kim, Kyu Eun Lee, Young Joo Park, Do Joon Park
Clinical Endocrinology.2017; 87(1): 80. CrossRef

A Case of Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Thyroid Presented as a Thyroid Tumor with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.: Eunjung Jo, Dong Woo Ha, Jin Hee Choi, Kyung Nam Lee, Jung Seop Eom, Mi Ra Kim, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, In Joo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(1):77-82. Published online March 1, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.1.77

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Extramedullary plasmacytomas most commonly occur in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, and larynx. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) of the thyroid gland is rare. The diagnosis of SEP of the thyroid by cytology is typically difficult before surgery, and the entity is often confused with different cytology findings. We report a case of a 59-year-old man with primary plasmacytoma of the thyroid presented as a rapidly enlarging thyroid gland with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. He had been suffering from anterior neck swelling for 1 month. Several fine-needle aspiration biopsies yielded Hashimoto's thyroiditis. During a follow-up period of 3 years, the size of the thyroid gland increased and a mass lesion in right thyroid gland was detected. A total thyroidectomy was performed based on a diagnosis of a thyroid tumor with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Permanent pathology identified the mass as an extramedullary plasmacytoma associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Skeletal survey and serum electrophoresis tests were normal, and a bone marrow biopsy yielded no evidence of multiple myeloma. The patient underwent definitive radiotherapy and remained free from any recurrences during follow-up.

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It's not all about the thyroid! Extrinsic and unusual pathology affecting the thyroid gland: A pictorial review
Edward Walker, Shishir Karthik, Preetha Chengot, Sriram Vaidyanathan
Clinical Imaging.2022; 85: 29. CrossRef

A Case of Bilateral Struma Ovarii Combined with Subclinical Hyperthyroidism.: Sang Mi Kim, Bo Kwang Choi, Ji Hyun Kang, Mi Ra Kim, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(1):72-76. Published online March 1, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.1.72

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Struma ovarii is a rare monodermal variant of ovarian teratoma accounting for only 2% of all mature teratomas. To be classified as a struma ovarii, teratoma must be composed predominantly of mature thyroid tissue (> 50%). This tumor is generally benign, although malignant transformation has been reported. Struma ovarii occur mostly as unilateral cases, so bilateral cases are quite rare (less than 6% of cases). Struma ovarii occur largely without symptoms or are accompanied by non-specific symptoms, such as abdominal pain, a palpable abdominal mass, and abdominal distension. The preoperative diagnosis is generally difficult. The incidence of hyperthyroidism has been reported to be 5-10% of patients with struma ovarii. Thus, cases of functional bilateral struma ovarii are very rare. We report a case of bilateral struma ovarii with subclinical thyrotoxicosis and a diffuse goiter, mimicking a malignant ovarian tumor, and include a brief review of related literature.

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Benign Teratoma of the Thyroid Gland
Chan Young Oak, Hee Kyung Kim, Tae Mi Yoon, Sang Chul Lim, Hyun Bum Park, Hyung Chul Park, Min Gui Han, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2013; 28(2): 144. CrossRef
Metastatic follicular struma ovarii complicating pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature
Woohyung Lee, Nam-Joon Yi, Hyeyoung Kim, Youngrok Choi, Minsu Park, Geun Hong, June Young Choi, Hyun Hoon Chung, Kwang-Woong Lee, Do-Joon Park, Hye Sook Min, June-key Chung, Kyung-Suk Suh
Korean Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.2012; 16(3): 123. CrossRef

Response: The Association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer.: Byeong Do Yi, Young Pil Bae, Bong Gun Kim, Jong Wha Park, Dong Hyun Kim, Ja Young Park, Seong Ho Choi, Hee Seung Park, Jae Seung Lee, Chang Won Lee, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Moon Ki Choi, In Joo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(4):365. Published online December 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.4.365

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

The Association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer.: Byeong Do Yi, Young Pil Bae, Bong Gun Kim, Jong Wha Park, Dong Hyun Kim, Ja Young Park, Seong Ho Choi, Hee Seung Park, Jae Seung Lee, Chang Won Lee, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Moon Ki Choi, In Joo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(2):126-132. Published online June 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.2.126

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BACKGROUND
There is a close connection between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of cancers and related mortality. The principal objective of the present study was to explore the association between type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively compared 1111 subjects (age > or = 30 years) who were subjected to colonoscopies between June 2006 and June 2009. We evaluated the anthropometric data, presenting symptoms and signs, history of diabetes, laboratory data, colonoscopy findings and biopsy results. We analyzed the correlation between colorectal cancer and influencing factors, and compared the incidence rates of colorectal cancer in the type 2 diabetes and control groups. RESULTS: Four hundreds and seven of the subjects had diabetes mellitus. The incidence of colorectal cancer was increased significantly in type 2 diabetes relative to the control group (7.4% vs. 3.4%, P < 0.05). Colorectal cancer was correlated significantly with age, type 2 diabetes, constipation, anemia, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Following logistic regression analysis, age and constipation were associated significantly with colorectal cancer. In the age below 65 years subgroup, the incidence of colorectal cancer was increased significantly in the type 2 diabetes group relative to the control group. CONCLUSION: Type 2 diabetes was associated with increased colorectal cancer risk. This association was more definite in the subjects younger than 65 years.

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Clinical Characteristics and Prevalence of Comorbidities according to Metformin Use in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Sang Ouk Chin, In Gyoon Ha, Sang Youl Rhee, Su Jin Jeong, Suk Chon, Sung Hoon Kim, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Sei Hyun Baik, Yongsoo Park, Moon Suk Nam, Kwan Woo Lee, Jeong Taek Woo
International Journal of Endocrinology.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
Management of long-term thyroid cancer survivors in Korea
Ji Eun Lee, Aejin Goo, Kyu Eun Lee, Do Joon Park, Belong Cho
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2016; 59(4): 287. CrossRef
Analysis of the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Related Factors for the Local Seniors
Min-Jee Sung, Eun-Jung Kim, Hyun-Joo Lee, Jin-Won Noh
The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2014; 14(5): 244. CrossRef
Does Diabetes Mellitus Influence Standardized Uptake Values of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Colorectal Cancer?
Da Yeon Oh, Ji Won Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Mingoo Kim, Ji Hoon Park, Su Yeon Cho, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Jong Pil Im
Intestinal Research.2014; 12(2): 146. CrossRef

Relationships between Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy and the Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.: Young Pil Bae, Byeong Do Yi, Bong Gun Kim, Jong Hwa Park, Yong Seop Kwon, Ja Young Park, Chang Won Lee, Bo Hyun Kim, Jae Sik Jang; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(1):44-52. Published online March 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.1.44

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BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinically, evaluating cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is important to predict cardiovascular mortality because it is correlated with cardiovascular death. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) correlates well with arterial distensibility and stiffness. It is also a useful approach for evaluating the severity of systemic atherosclerosis in adults. So, we evaluated that the relationship between cardiac autonomic neuropathy and the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 465 patients (209 men and 256 women) with type 2 diabetes. We checked the clinical characteristics and the laboratory tests and we assessed the diabetic complications. Standard tests for CAN were performed by DiCAN (Medicore, Seoul, Korea): 1) heart rate variability during deep breathing (the E/I ratio), 2) a Valsalva maneuver, 3) 30:15 ratio of R-R interval the blood pressure response to standing, and 5) the blood pressure response to handgrip. The CAN score was determined according to the results of the test as following: 0 = normal, 0.5 = borderline, 1 = abnormal. We also measured the baPWV by using a VP 1000 (Colin, Japan) and all the analyses were performed with the SPSS version 14.0. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The CAN score is associated with the maximal baPWV, age, systolic blood pressure, microalbuminuria, the duration of diabetes, angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment, calcium channel blocker treatment, beta-blocker treatment and nephropathy. After adjusting for age, the baPWV is a independent predictor of the risk for CAN (beta = 0.108, P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: The CAN is associated with the baPWV in patient with type 2 diabetes.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Jun Ouk Ha, Tae Hee Lee, Chang Won Lee, Ja Young Park, Seong Ho Choi, Hee Seung Park, Jae Seung Lee, Seung Heon Lee, Eun Hee Seo, Young Hwan Kim, Young Woo Kang
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(4): 297. CrossRef
Relationship between Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy and Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Type 2 Diabetics
Sin Gon Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2011; 26(1): 33. CrossRef
Determinants for Heart Rate Variability in a Normal Korean Population
Gyung-Mee Kim, Jong-Min Woo
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2011; 26(10): 1293. CrossRef

Thyroid Dysfunction Induced by Metastatic Thyroid Cancer: Report of Two Cases.: Kang Hee Ahn, Bo Kyung Choi, Won Jin Kim, Bo Gwang Choi, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Soo Hyung Lee, Bo Hyun Kim, Yong Ki Kim, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(4):370-373. Published online December 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.4.370

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Abstract PDF: Metastases to the thyroid gland are not frequently observed in clinical practice, although an overall incidence of secondary thyroid malignant tumors has been reported to range from 1.25% to 24% in autopsy series. Generally, patients with metastatic thyroid cancer present with euthyroidism and they do not develop thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunctions, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, rarely occur in patients with metastatic thyroid cancer. We describe here a case of hypothyroidism induced by thyroid metastasis from cancer of an unknown primary site in a 53-year-old man and another case of thyrotoxicosis induced by thyroid metastasis from lung cancer in a 65-year-old man.

Determinants of the Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.: Seong Woo Lee, Kyung Won Yun, Yun Sik Yu, Hong Kyu Lim, Yung Pil Bae, Byung Do Lee, Bo Hyun Kim, Chang Won Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(4):253-259. Published online August 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.4.253

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BACKGROUND
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) correlates with arterial distensibility and stiffness and is a useful method for evaluating the severity of systemic atherosclerosis in adults. Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) is affected by many different factors such as age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), sex, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, and HbA1c. We evaluated the determinants of baPWV in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The study included 803 type 2 diabetic patients over age 30 who had their ankle brachial pressure index (ABI) and baPWV measured at Busan St. Mary's Medical Center, Busan, Korea. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, pulse pressure, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and microalbuminuria were checked concurrently. We also investigated tobacco and alcohol use by means of questionnaire. We then retrospectively analyzed the relationships between baPWV and various risk factors. RESULTS: Differences between men and women were measured using the independence sample probate. Pearson correlation analysis confirmed the factors affecting the baPWV as follows: SBP, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, age, waist circumference, gender, and duration of diabetes mellitus were positively correlated, and height and weight were negatively correlated. On aged-adjusted partial correlation, HbA1c, SBP, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure were correlated. By multiple linear regression analysis, SBP, age, HbA1c, and weight were independent predictors of baPWV. CONCLUSION: The baPWV is principally affected by SBP and age in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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High Brachial Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Marker for Predicting Coronary Artery Stenosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Bo Hyun Kim, Jae Sik Jang, Yong Seop Kwon, June Hyung Kim, In Joo Kim, Chang Won Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2018; 33(1): 88. CrossRef
Relationships between Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Byung Kil Ha, Bong Gun Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Soon Il Lee, Soon Myung Jung, Ja Young Park, Chang Won Lee, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, In Ju Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2012; 36(6): 443. CrossRef
Relationships between Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy and the Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Young Pil Bae, Byeong Do Yi, Bong-Gun Kim, Jong-Hwa Park, Yong Seop Kwon, Ja Young Park, Chang Won Lee, Bo Hyun Kim, Jae-Sik Jang
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2011; 26(1): 44. CrossRef
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Stiffness
Sung Hee Choi
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2008; 23(4): 234. CrossRef

Association between Cigarette Smoking and Thyroid Function in Adults without Previous History of Thyroid Disease.: Bo Hyun Kim, Won Bae Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Hong Kyu Kim, Seong Hoon Jeon, Chang Won Lee, Young Kee Shong; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(2):123-128. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.2.123

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BACKGROUND
Cigarette smoking has a significant impact on thyroid function. However, the association between smoking and thyroid function is incompletely understood. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 90,970 adults (age range: 20 to 79) who had visited the health promotion center at Asan Medical Center between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2003. Those subjects with previous known thyroid disease, a history of thyroid operation, a history of thyroid function altering medication (herb, estrogen or digestive) or a family history of thyroid disease were excluded. Finally, 47,577 subjects (males: 30,726, females: 16,851) were included in this study. We calculated the age-adjusted geometric mean of the serum TSH and the age-adjusted mean of the serum free T4 among the current, former and never smokers. We also analyzed the age-adjusted prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism among each group. RESULTS: Among men, the geometric mean TSH level was significantly low in the current (1.40 mIU/L, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38-1.41) and former smokers (1.59 mIU/L, 95% CI: 1.57-1.61) compared with the never smokers (1.65 mIU/L, 95% CI: 1.63-1.68). The mean free T4 level was high in the current smokers (1.236 ng/dL, 95% CI: 1.234-1.239) compared with the never smokers (1.234 ng/dL, 95% CI: 1.230-1.238). Similarly, among women, the geometric mean TSH level was low in the current smokers (1.75 mIU/L, 95% CI: 1.67-1.87) compared with the never smokers (1.85 mIU/L, 95% CI: 1.83-1.87). The mean free T4 level was high in the current smokers (1.149 ng/dL, 95% CI: 1.139-1.159) compared with the never smokers (1.138 ng/dL, 95% CI: 1.135-1.140). Among the current male smokers, heavy daily smoking (over 2 packs per day) was more associated with low TSH levels than moderate smoking (less than 1 pack per day). In men, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was low in the current smokers compared with the never smokers (odds ratio: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.43-0.66). CONCLUSION: We found that current smokers had lower TSH levels and higher free T4 levels than never smokers in both men and women and smoking was associated with a low prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in men, which may be of importance when evaluating subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism in Korea.

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Reference interval for thyrotropin in a ultrasonography screened Korean population
Mijin Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Soo Han Kim, Yunkyoung Lee, Su-yeon Park, Hyung-don Kim, Hyemi Kwon, Yun Mi Choi, Eun Kyung Jang, Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2015; 30(3): 335. CrossRef
Clinical Review of Thyroid Dysfunction in the Subjects for Health Check-up
Ji Eun Park, Ho Chan Cho
Journal of Korean Thyroid Association.2012; 5(1): 52. CrossRef
Thyroid Dysfunction of North Korean Women Living in South Korea, Focusing on Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Joo Hyung Kim, Sol Ah Park, Nam Hoon Kim, Jae Hee Ahn, Yoon Jung Kim, Myongjin Cho, Yoon Jung Lee, Hye Jin Yoo, Hee Young Kim, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi, Sin Gon Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2012; 27(3): 200. CrossRef

Mechanism of Developing Diabetic Vascular Complication by Oxidative Stress.: Bo Hyun Kim, Seok Man Son; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(6):448-459. Published online December 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.6.448

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Abstract PDF

Macrovascular and microvascular diseases are currently the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress has been postulated to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis of these events. There is considerable evidence that many biochemical pathways that are adversely affected by hyperglycemia are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species, and this ultimately leads to increased oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. In the absence of appropriate compensation by the endogenous antioxidant defense network, increased oxidative stress leads to the activation of stress-sensitive intracellular signaling pathways and the formation of gene products that cause cellular damage and contribute to the late complications of diabetes. Hyperglycemia increases oxidant production by multiple pathways rather than by a single dominant pathway. Glucose can undergo nonenzymatic reactions to form gluco-oxidants and glycated products, which can be oxidants. Metabolism of excessive intracellular glucose can occur by several processes such as aldose reductase, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, activation of NAD(P)H oxidases, and the alteration of the NADPH/NADP ratios. Reactive oxygen species participate in vascular smooth muscle cell growth and migration, modulation of endothelial function, including abnormal endothelium-dependent relaxation and the expression of a proinflammatory phenotype, and modification of the extracellular matrix. All of these events contribute to the development of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications, suggesting that the sources of reactive oxygen species and the signaling pathways that they modify may represent important therapeutic targets.

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